Kanser Teşhis ve Tedavisi için Düşük Dozda BT Görüntüleme
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2018, 2018
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Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi
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Kanser, insanlarda sıkça görülen ve ölüm sebepleri arasında ikinci sırada olan bir hastalıktır. Kanserin erken evrelerde teşhis edilmesinin tedavinin başarısını arttırmak için çok kritik olduğu bilinmektedir. Kanserin teşhisi ve evresinin belirlenmesinde farklı görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanılır. Bu yöntemlerden biri bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), nesnenin etrafından alınan iz düşümleri kullanarak üç boyutlu (3B) nesnenin iki boyutlu (2B) görüntü dilimlerini sağlar. BT'nin temel kısıtları radyasyon dozu ve düşük kontrast duyarlılığıdır. Öncelikle, BT'de radyasyon dozunu azaltmak için daha az sayıda iz düşüm alınabilir ki bu durum geri çatma probleminin eksik belirtili olmasına neden olur. Önceki çalışmalar bu problemi aşmak için yinelemeli geri çatma yöntemleri önermiştir. Bu yöntemlerin en önemli zayıflığı, yüksek hesaplama maliyetidir. Bu sorun toplam değişinti (Total Variation: TV) en küçüklenmesini kullananarak, hesaplama açısından verimli filtrelenmiş geri projeksiyon (filtered backprojection: FBP) temelli yöntem ile ele alınmıştır. 2B modifiye Shepp-Logan fantomu önerilen methodun performans değerlendirmeleri için kullanılmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin üstünlüğü niceliksel ve niteliksel ölçütlerle gösterilmektedir. Tezin ikinci amacı, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Makine Fakültesinde üretilen manyetik nanopartiküllerin (Magnetic Nanoparticles: MNPs) kontrast maddesi olarak kullanarak BT'nin kontrast duyarlılığını arttırılmasıdır. Agaroz jel içindeki beş farklı çekirdekli manyetik nanopartiküllerden kaynaklı piksel yoğunluğu artırımları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar manyetik nanopartiküllerin BT için kontrast madde olarak kullanılabilirliğini doğrulamaktadır.
Cancer is a common disease among human population and second leading cause of death. It is well known that diagnosing cancer at early stages is very critical for increasing success of therapy. There have been different imaging modalities used in diagnosing and staging of cancer. One of them is computed tomography (CT) that provides two-dimensional (2D) slices of three-dimensional (3D) object using the series of projections taken around the object. The main limitations of CT are radiation dose and low sensitivity to soft tissue. Firstly, fewer projections can be used to lower dose in CT which causes the reconstruction problem heavily underdetermined. Former studies proposed iterative reconstruction techniques to overcome this problem. The significant weakness of these methods is their computational expensiveness. In the present thesis, this problem is addressed by developing a computationally efficient filtered back projection (FBP) based method using total variation (TV) minimization. 2D modified Shepp-Logan phantom is used for performance evaluations. The superiority of the proposed method is shown both qualitatively and quantitatively. The second aim of the thesis is to enhance contrast capability of CT imaging by using novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as contrast agents which were fabricated at Mechanical Engineering Department of Istanbul Technical University. The pixel density enhancements of CT images induced by five different core types of MNPs in the agarose gel are analyzed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the MNPs as contrast media for CT imaging.
Cancer is a common disease among human population and second leading cause of death. It is well known that diagnosing cancer at early stages is very critical for increasing success of therapy. There have been different imaging modalities used in diagnosing and staging of cancer. One of them is computed tomography (CT) that provides two-dimensional (2D) slices of three-dimensional (3D) object using the series of projections taken around the object. The main limitations of CT are radiation dose and low sensitivity to soft tissue. Firstly, fewer projections can be used to lower dose in CT which causes the reconstruction problem heavily underdetermined. Former studies proposed iterative reconstruction techniques to overcome this problem. The significant weakness of these methods is their computational expensiveness. In the present thesis, this problem is addressed by developing a computationally efficient filtered back projection (FBP) based method using total variation (TV) minimization. 2D modified Shepp-Logan phantom is used for performance evaluations. The superiority of the proposed method is shown both qualitatively and quantitatively. The second aim of the thesis is to enhance contrast capability of CT imaging by using novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as contrast agents which were fabricated at Mechanical Engineering Department of Istanbul Technical University. The pixel density enhancements of CT images induced by five different core types of MNPs in the agarose gel are analyzed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the MNPs as contrast media for CT imaging.
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Electrical And Electronics Engineering, Elektrik Ve Elektronik Mühendisliği
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