Pi3k-Akt-Mtor Yolağı Ve Histon Deasetilaz Enzimlerinin Hedeflenmesinin Akut Myeloid Lösemi Hücreleri Üzerine Antitümör Etkisinin Incelenmesi
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2022
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Abstract
Akut Miyeloid Lösemi (AML), periferik kan, kemik iliği, dalak ve karaciğerde blast adı verilen_x000D_
olgunlaşmamış miyeloid hücrelerin birikmesiyle karakterize edilen ve sonunda hematopoietik_x000D_
maligniteye yol açan bir hastalıktır. Genetik anormalliklerin yanı sıra PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt,_x000D_
Notch, STAT3, Hedgehog gibi önemli hücresel yolakların AML patogenezinde rol oynadığı_x000D_
bildirilmiştir. Histon deasetilaz (HDAC) inhibitörleri, AML için umut verici antikanser aktiviteye_x000D_
sahiptir. Çalışmada, PI3K/AKT/mTOR yolunun inhibisyonunun ve HDAC inhibisyonunun farklı_x000D_
AML alt gruplarının hücre hatları olan MOLM-13 ve CMK hücre hatları kullanılarak bu_x000D_
hastalığın altında yatan moleküler mekanizma üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlamıştır._x000D_
Bu amaçla PI3K inhibitörü LY294002 ve HDAC inhibitörleri (SAHA, PCI-3501 ve Tubastatin A)_x000D_
ve bunların kombinasyonlarının etkisi incelenmiştir. Hücre proliferasyonu MTT hücre_x000D_
sitotoksisite testi ile apoptoz oranları ise Annexin-V/PI çift boyama yöntemi ile belirlenmiş,_x000D_
ilaçların hücre döngüsüne olan etkileri de PI boyaması ile belirlenmiştir. Otofaji belirteci olan_x000D_
LC3B protein seviyesi moleküler düzeyde western blot ile doğrulanmıştır._x000D_
Kullanılan inhibitörler her iki hücre hattı üzerinde düşük mikromolar konsantrasyonda hücre_x000D_
canlılığını azaltmıştır. Sonuçlar LY294002+SAHA kombinasyon tedavisinin MOLM-13_x000D_
hücrelerinde hücre proliferasyonunu %50, CMK hücrelerinde ise %25 azalma gösterdiği_x000D_
belirlenmiştir. LY294002+Tubastatin A tedavisi, MOLM-13 ve CMK hücrelerinde hücre_x000D_
proliferasyonunu sırasıyla %65 ve %40 oranında azalttığını göstermiştir. Sonuçlarımız,_x000D_
LY294002 ve HDAC inhibitör kombinasyonlarının kontrol hücrelerine kıyasla MOLM-13_x000D_
hücrelerinde G1 fazı tutuklanmasıyla sonuçlandığını gösterdi. Öte yandan, LY294002+SAHA,_x000D_
LY294002+PCI-3501 ve LY294002+Tubastatin A kombinasyonları ile tedavi edilen CMK_x000D_
hücreleri, sırasıyla G2/M, G2/M ve G1 fazında tutuklanmıştır. Kombinasyonların apoptotik_x000D_
hücre ölümü üzerine etkisine bakılmış, LC3BII/I protein ifade düzeyi kombinasyon tedavisi_x000D_
sonucunda incelenmiştir._x000D_
HDAC enzimlerinin hem AML hem de farklı kanserler üzerindeki etkileri düşünüldüğünde,_x000D_
HDAC inhibisyonu AML için önemli ve yüksek potansiyelli bir hedeftir. Bu nedenle_x000D_
PI3K/AKT/mTOR yolağı ve HDAC'lerin farklı alt gruplarda inhibisyonunun araştırılması,_x000D_
AML'nin patogenezine yol açan mekanizmalar hakkında fikir verebilir. Sonuç olarak,_x000D_
PI3K/AKT/mTOR ve HDAC'nin bu inhibisyonunun, AML'nin ortadan kaldırılmasıyla_x000D_
sonuçlanan daha spesifik bir kombinasyon hedefli tedaviye yol açacağı umulmaktadır.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by the accumulation of immature_x000D_ myeloid cells called blasts in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and liver, eventually_x000D_ leading to hematopoietic malignancy. In addition to genetic abnormalities, important cellular_x000D_ pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt, Notch, STAT3, Hedgehog have been reported to_x000D_ play a role in the pathogenesis of AML. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have promising_x000D_ anticancer activity for AML. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of inhibition of_x000D_ the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and HDAC inhibition on the molecular mechanism underlying_x000D_ this disease using cell lines of different AML subgroups, MOLM-13 and CMK cell lines. For this_x000D_ purpose, the effects of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and HDAC inhibitors (SAHA, PCI-3501 and_x000D_ Tubastatin A) and their combinations were investigated. Cell proliferation was determined by_x000D_ MTT cell cytotoxicity test and apoptosis rates were determined by Annexin-V/PI double_x000D_ staining method, and the effects of drugs on the cell cycle were determined by PI staining. The_x000D_ level of LC3B protein, a marker of autophagy, was confirmed at the molecular level by western_x000D_ blot._x000D_ The inhibitors used decreased cell viability at low micromolar concentrations on both cell lines._x000D_ It was determined that the LY294002+SAHA combination treatment showed a 50% reduction_x000D_ in cell proliferation in MOLM-13 cells and a 25% decrease in CMK cells. LY294002+Tubastatin_x000D_ A treatment has been shown to reduce cell proliferation in MOLM-13 and CMK cells by 65%_x000D_ and 40%, respectively. Our results showed that combinations of LY294002 and HDAC inhibitor_x000D_ resulted in G0/G1 phase arrest in MOLM-13 cells compared to control cells. On the other hand,_x000D_ CMK cells treated with combinations of LY294002+SAHA, LY294002+PCI-3501 and_x000D_ LY294002+Tubastatin A were arrested in G2/M, G2/M and G0/G1 phase, respectively. The_x000D_ effect of the combinations on apoptotic cell death was investigated. LC3B protein expression_x000D_ level was checked as a result of combination therapy._x000D_ Considering the effects of HDAC enzymes on both AML and different cancers, HDAC inhibition_x000D_ is an important and high-potential target for AML. Therefore, investigation of the_x000D_ PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and inhibition of HDACs in different subgroups may provide insight_x000D_ into the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of AML. Consequently, it is hoped that this_x000D_ inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and HDAC will lead to a more specific combination of targeted_x000D_ therapy that results in the abolition of AML.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by the accumulation of immature_x000D_ myeloid cells called blasts in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and liver, eventually_x000D_ leading to hematopoietic malignancy. In addition to genetic abnormalities, important cellular_x000D_ pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt, Notch, STAT3, Hedgehog have been reported to_x000D_ play a role in the pathogenesis of AML. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have promising_x000D_ anticancer activity for AML. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of inhibition of_x000D_ the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and HDAC inhibition on the molecular mechanism underlying_x000D_ this disease using cell lines of different AML subgroups, MOLM-13 and CMK cell lines. For this_x000D_ purpose, the effects of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and HDAC inhibitors (SAHA, PCI-3501 and_x000D_ Tubastatin A) and their combinations were investigated. Cell proliferation was determined by_x000D_ MTT cell cytotoxicity test and apoptosis rates were determined by Annexin-V/PI double_x000D_ staining method, and the effects of drugs on the cell cycle were determined by PI staining. The_x000D_ level of LC3B protein, a marker of autophagy, was confirmed at the molecular level by western_x000D_ blot._x000D_ The inhibitors used decreased cell viability at low micromolar concentrations on both cell lines._x000D_ It was determined that the LY294002+SAHA combination treatment showed a 50% reduction_x000D_ in cell proliferation in MOLM-13 cells and a 25% decrease in CMK cells. LY294002+Tubastatin_x000D_ A treatment has been shown to reduce cell proliferation in MOLM-13 and CMK cells by 65%_x000D_ and 40%, respectively. Our results showed that combinations of LY294002 and HDAC inhibitor_x000D_ resulted in G0/G1 phase arrest in MOLM-13 cells compared to control cells. On the other hand,_x000D_ CMK cells treated with combinations of LY294002+SAHA, LY294002+PCI-3501 and_x000D_ LY294002+Tubastatin A were arrested in G2/M, G2/M and G0/G1 phase, respectively. The_x000D_ effect of the combinations on apoptotic cell death was investigated. LC3B protein expression_x000D_ level was checked as a result of combination therapy._x000D_ Considering the effects of HDAC enzymes on both AML and different cancers, HDAC inhibition_x000D_ is an important and high-potential target for AML. Therefore, investigation of the_x000D_ PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and inhibition of HDACs in different subgroups may provide insight_x000D_ into the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of AML. Consequently, it is hoped that this_x000D_ inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and HDAC will lead to a more specific combination of targeted_x000D_ therapy that results in the abolition of AML.
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Keywords
AML, histon deasetilaz inhibitörleri, PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, otofaji, kombinasyon, Histone deacetylase inhibitors, autophagy, combination
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