Top, Soner
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Top, S. Top, Soner
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Arş. Gör.
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soner.top@agu.edu.tr
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02.07. Malzeme Bilimi ve Nanoteknoloji Mühendisliği
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Article Leaching of a Complex Zn-Pb Ore in Sulfuric Acid Solution(2024-09-22) Gökçen, Hasan Serkan; Altıner, Mahmut; Kaya, Muammer; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Hussaini, Shokrullah; Ozsarac, SafakBu çalışmada Gazipaşa-Aydap kompleks Zn-Pb cevher numunesinin sülfürik asit çözeltisindeki liç davranışı incelenmiştir. Öncelikle cevher örneğinin kimyasal ve mineralojik bileşimleri AAS, ICP-OES, XRF ve XRD analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Cevherin yapısının çok karmaşık olduğu ve yüksek miktarda çinko (%16.4), kurşun (%10.6), demir (%2.6) ve az miktarda bakır (%0.2) içerdiği görülmüştür. 2 M sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu, 25 °C liç sıcaklığı, 1/10 katı/sıvı oranı ve 125 rpm çalkalama hızı parametrelerinde gerçekleştirilen liç işlemi ile %86.7 Zn, %90 Cu ve %25.2 Fe'nin liç çözeltisine alınabileceği saptanmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, liç sıcaklığının arttırılmasının çinko çözünmesi üzerinde yararlı bir etkisinin olmadığını ancak demir çözünmesini önemli ölçüde arttırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Genel olarak çinkonun, kısa bir liç süresi (30 dakika), düşük bir liç sıcaklığı (25 °C), nispeten düşük bir sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu (2 M) ve nispeten yüksek bir katı-sıvı oranı (2/10) kullanılarak kompleks cevherden ekstrakte edilebileceği belirlenmiştir.Article Manganzı Demir Cevherinden Manganın Çözündürülmesinde Farklı İndirgeme Maddelerinin Etkisi(Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 2022-06-26) Top, S.; Altiner, Mahmut; Kursunoglu, SaitIIn this paper, the manganese extraction from a manganiferous iron ore was investigated using reductive leaching. Various chemicals were used as a reducing agent to leach manganese selectively from the ore in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Firstly, optimum dissolution values were determined for selective manganese dissolution without using a reducing agent. As it was aimed at the selective extraction of manganese from the ore, the reductive leaching tests were conducted by adding the reducing agents under the following optimal parameters: a leaching time of 1 h, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, a temperature of 70°C, a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M where the ore was leached with an extraction ratio of 11.54% Mn and 2.16% Fe. Manganese was dissolved with high efficiencies (up to 97.46%) from the ore by using different organic compounds (tartaric acid (C<inf>4</inf>H<inf>6</inf>O<inf>6</inf>), oxalic acid (C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>), citric acid (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>8</inf>O<inf>7</inf>), glucose (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>12</inf>O<inf>6</inf>), sucrose (C<inf>12</inf>H<inf>22</inf>O<inf>11</inf>), and maleic acid (C<inf>4</inf>H<inf>4</inf>O<inf>4</inf>)) as the reducing agents. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 17Citation - Scopus: 22Ultrasonic-Assisted Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Particles From Desulfurization Gypsum(Elsevier, 2021-04) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Kaymakoglu, BurcinThis study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic application on the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles from desulfurization gypsum via direct mineral carbonation method using conventional and venturi tube reactors in the presence of different alkali sources (NaOH, KOH and NH4OH). The venturi tube was designed to determine the effect of ultrasonication on PCC production. Ultrasonic application was performed three times (before, during, and after PCC production) to evaluate its exact effect on the properties of the PCC particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscope (AFM), specific surface area (SSA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and particle size analyses were performed. Results revealed the strong influence of the reactor types on the nucleation rate of PCC particles. The presence of Na+ or K+ ions in the production resulted in producing PCC particles containing only calcite crystals, while a mixture of vaterite and calcite crystals was observed if NH4+ ions were present. The use of ultrasonic power during PCC production resulted in producing cubic calcite rather than vaterite crystals in the presence of all ions. It was determined that ultrasonic power should be conducted in the venturi tube before PCC production to obtain PCC particles with superior properties (uniform particle size, nanosized crystals, and high SSA value). The resulting PCC particles in this study can be suitably used in paint, paper, and plastic industries according to the ASTM standards.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Characterization of Nickel in Chromite Beneficiation Tailings by Mineral Liberation Analysis and Its Recovery by H2SO4 Leaching Followed by Oxalic Acid Precipitation(Springer, 2023-11-13) Altiner, Mahmut; Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Kursunoglu, Sait; Top, Soner; Bayat, OktayThis study investigated the recovery of nickel from tailings (0.2% Ni) obtained in a chromite beneficiation plant using H2SO4 leaching followed by oxalic acid precipitation. The tailings were characterized using mineral liberation analysis. Ni was found as Fe-Ni, Fe-Ni-Co sulfide minerals, which were encapsulated in serpentine, olivine, pyroxene and clinochlore. Liberated fine chromite minerals benefited from magnetic separation followed by Falcon concentrator. A chromite product with a grade > 37% was obtained. The effect of leaching conditions including acid concentration, temperature, time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the leaching behavior of Ni was investigated based on the Taguchi approach. It was possible to extract Ni with a rate of > 98% from the tailings using the following conditions: H2SO4 concentration of 3 M, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 and ambient temperature for 2 h. Finally, Ni was precipitated as an oxalate form with a precipitation rate of 72%. It is believed that implementing additional purification methods like solvent extraction may be essential to obtain a high-purity nickel product from the leach solution of oxalate precipitate. Experimental results indicate that the tailings used in this study are a good alternative as Ni resource in the near future.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5Selective Leaching of a Mixed Nickel-Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitate in Sulphuric Acid Solution With Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant(Taylor & Francis inc, 2020-10-12) Hussaini, Shokrullah; Ichlas, Zela Tanlega; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Kaya, MuammerSelective leaching of a mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide precipitate was investigated using potassium permanganate as oxidant in sulfuric acid solution. 94.9% Ni, 50% Co and 0.6% Mn were dissolved under the following conditions: sulfuric acid concentration of 0.75 M, potassium permanganate of 5 g/L, temperature of 30 degrees C, leaching duration of 60 min, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/10, and stirring speed of 400rpm. The pregnant leach solution was subjected to a solvent extraction process. 98% Co and 99% Mn were extracted at pH 4.84 with 30% (v/v) Cyanex 272, leaving essentially all nickel in the raffinate. Based on the experimental results, a flowsheet is proposed.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 8Separation of Mn and Fe From a Manganiferous Iron Ore Using Horse Dung as Reductant: A Zero Waste Approach(Springer, 2022-01-13) Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut; Kursunoglu, SaitThe separation of manganese and iron from a manganiferous iron ore using horse dung (biomass) as reductant was investigated in a sulfuric acid solution, and 99.80% Mn and 17.76% Fe were extracted into the solution under these leaching conditions: 1 M sulphuric acid concentration, 120 g/L biomass, 1/10 solid to liquid ratio, 300 rev/min stirring speed, 90 degrees C leaching temperature, and 3 h leaching time. In the first precipitation step, the iron and aluminum were first rejected from the solution at pH 5.04. Thereafter, 98.58% Mn was precipitated at pH 10 in the second step. The precipitate was identified as a pyrochroite mineral. After the leaching, the residue was subjected to a carbothermal reduction process conducted at 700 degrees C for 10 min in the presence of no extra reductant. The residue was converted to magnetite mineral, which can be easily recovered by magnetic separation. Based on the experimental results, a flowsheet has been proposed.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Recent Progress in the Beneficiation of Iron-Manganese Ores: An Overview(Pleiades Publishing Ltd, 2025) Top, SonerIron-manganese (Fe-Mn) ores are essential for steelmaking, ferroalloy production, and emerging energy technologies, yet their beneficiation is challenging due to the close association of Fe and Mn oxides and their overlapping physicochemical properties. This review assesses key processing strategies, including gravity separation, magnetic methods, flotation, reduction roasting, and selective reductive leaching. Physical beneficiation offers limited upgrades, being constrained by mineral liberation and ore texture. Reduction roasting with carbonaceous or hydrogen reductants exploits the different reduction stabilities of Fe and Mn oxides, creating magnetic contrasts for effective separation. Hydrometallurgical techniques based on reductive leaching also show strong potential, particularly with biomass-derived or organic reductants, achieving manganese recoveries often above 90-99%. A central focus is the use of Ellingham and Eh-pH diagrams as predictive tools for selective separation. Ellingham diagrams outline the thermodynamic stabilities of Fe and Mn oxides, guiding roasting design, while Eh-pH diagrams describe dissolution behavior under varying acidity and redox conditions, enabling leaching optimization. Integrating these frameworks with experimental evidence demonstrates how thermodynamic and electrochemical principles can improve process selectivity. No single technique universally addresses Fe-Mn beneficiation challenges; instead, hybrid flowsheets combining physical, thermal, and hydrometallurgical routes tailored to ore characteristics are most effective. Future research should prioritize low-carbon and sustainable approaches such as hydrogen roasting, bio-reductant leaching, and zero-waste systems. This review thus provides both a synthesis of current advances and a roadmap for sustainable Fe and Mn resource recovery.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 12Assessment of Rock Aggregate Quality Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)(Springer, 2020-05-22) Koken, Ekin; Top, Soner; Ozarslan, AhmetThe present study aimed to assess rock aggregate quality through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the context of the AHP analyses, four rock types (i.e., andesite, basalt, granodiorite, and gabbro), five evaluation criteria, and several technical requirements/suggestions for coarse aggregates related to bituminous paving mixtures were considered. In order to set over the evaluation criteria, detailed laboratory studies were conducted. For this purpose, various mineralogical, physical, and mechanical aggregate properties were determined for each rock type concerning their weathering grades. As a result of the laboratory studies, it was determined that the rock weathering processes have substantial negative impacts on the rock aggregate properties considered in this study. The AHP analysis results indicated that that different rock types have several advantages concerning various evaluation criteria. Based on the general evaluation point (EP) of the rocks, the gabbros were found to have the highest rock aggregate quality (EP = 0.393). In contrast, the andesites had the lowest quality (EP = 0.069). Besides, the basalts (EP = 0.271) and granodiorites (EP = 0.267) presented approximately the same quality for their use in bituminous pavement mixtures. It was also demonstrated that the AHP, with its specific methodology, can be utilized to represent different environmental and mechanical conditions by changing the relative weight of the evaluation criteria. In this way, the pros and cons of different rock types could be revealed quantitatively, which enables related engineers to select proper rock types for their use under different environmental and mechanical conditions. From this point of view, the present study could be declared a case study noted for combining theoretical and practical approaches on bituminous paving mixtures as a sign of rock aggregate quality.Article Effective Processing of Specularite Ore by Wet Magnetic Separation and Reverse Flotation Techniques(2019-09-30) Top, Soner; Dhubaıbı, Ammar Mahdi Al; Vapur, HuseyinThe aim of this study was to obtain a high grade and yield percentage of iron concentratefrom a specularite ore by using wet magnetic separation and reverse flotation techniques.The processing a specularite sample using wet magnetic separation and reverseflotation method was studied. During the magnetic separation process, particle size was-2000 μm and magnetic field applied at 0.25 T and 0.85 T which were performed at asolid-liquid ratio of 10% and 20% by weight, respectively. In the reverse flotation tests,experimental design (DOE) was applied, statistically. Depressant dosage, collector dosageand flotation time were selected as main parameters. PH value, frother dosage (MIBC) andparticle size were constant parameters. The results showed that particle size and magnetic fieldintensity had a significant effect on the iron concentrate grade and yield for wet magneticseparation. The optimum value of iron concentrate grade was 98.75% at 0.25 T andparticle size of -150 μm while the highest value of iron concentrate yield was 67% at 0.75T and particle size of -74 μm. In the flotation tests, depressant dosage had the greatestinfluence on the iron concentrate grade while the effect of the collector dosage and frothcollection time were less. Froth collection time had the greatest effect on iron concentrateyield.The maximum iron concentrate grade was 90.13% for the following conditions:5250 g/ton depressant, 1000 g/ton collector and 2-minute froth collection time. Themaximum iron concentrate yield was 98.96% for the following conditions: 5250 g/tondepressant, 1500 g/ton collector and 1 min froth collection time under fixed conditions.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Production of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles From a Manganiferous Iron Ore via Reductive Leaching, Precipitation, and Calcination(Elsevier, 2022-02) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Bouchekrit, Chafia; Kursunoglu, SaitThe synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles from a manganiferous iron ore through reductive leaching, precipitation, and calcination was investigated. The reductive leaching results showed that Mn (99.9%) was almost completely extracted into the leaching solution along with a substantial amount of Mg (99.9%), Al (99.5%), Ca (80%), and Fe (22.9%) under the following conditions: 30 g/L tartaric acid as a reducing agent, 1 M HCl solution, leaching temperature of 90 ?, and leaching duration of 3 h. In the first precipitation step, Fe and Al were expelled from the pregnant leach solution by the addition of NaOH prior to conducting the precipitation experiments for the production of manganese carbonate (MnCO3) particles from the purified solution. In the second precipitation step, MnCO3 particles were produced using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the precipitating agent. The effects of parameters such as reaction temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and experimental duration were investigated using the Taguchi approach. Manganse(II) was precipitated in the form of MnCO3 particles (97.4%) under the following conditions: a temperature of 30 ?C, Na2CO3 concentration of 0.014 mol/L, and duration of 30 min. The precipitate was observed to have a structure similar to that of rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Thermogravimetric/ differential thermal analyses were subsequently performed in three different atmospheres (air, oxygen, and nitrogen) to select a suitable atmosphere for calcination. The experimental results indicated the formation of hausmannite (Mn3O4) with a purity of 97.5% Mn3O4, 0.42% MgO, 1.66% CaO, and 0.34% FeO. The specific surface area, particle size, Curie temperature, magnetisation, coercivity, and remanence ratio of the final product obtained via 3 h of calcination at 350 C were estimated to be 133.3 m(2)/g, < 142.2 nm, 56 K, 10.10 Am-2/kg, 0.35 T, and 0.19, respectively. The characterisation results revealed the excellent low-temperature ferromagnetic properties of the produced Mn3O4 nanoparticles.