Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/395

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Conference Object
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    Planar Mems Variable Optical Attenuators (VOAs) With Linear Attenuation-Voltage Characteristics
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019-05) Hah, Dooyoung
    Variable optical attenuators (VOAs) are essential components in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, light waveform generators, and optical fiber test equipment. Among various types of planar MEMS VOAs, a shutter type and a reflective type have been most frequently studied so far. In a shutter type, a knife-edge-like beam blocker is inserted in between the butt-coupled input and output fibers, partially obstructing the coupling between the fibers. In a reflective type, a mirror that is placed in the optical path controls the alignment between the fibers to result in attenuation. The movement of the shutter or the mirror is controlled by MEMS actuators, such as comb-drive actuators. In most of the planar MEMS VOAs reported, the relationship between the attenuation and the control voltage has been highly nonlinear. This nonlinearity results in uneven resolution throughout the attenuation range. Although this nonlinearity can be addressed by employing a control system, a structure-based solution is preferred, which can curtail the requirement of power consumption, and prevent control instability issues. In this study, shaped-finger comb-drive actuators are used to obtain a linear relationship between the control voltage and the attenuation in planar MEMS VOAs. Two types, i.e. shutter-type and reflective-type, of VOAs are examined. First, the objective differential equation is established based on attenuation-displacement relationships, electrostatic/mechanical force balance equation, and the design objective (linearity) equation. Then, the differential equation (in terms of 2-D comb capacitance) is solved by using the Euler's method, and the finger gaps are calculated by using a conformal mapping method. When a single comb-drive actuator is used, an excluded zone needs to be introduced around the region of small displacement. Effects of the width of the excluded zone to the device characteristics are studied. The issue of zone exclusion can be addressed by adopting dual (control and bias) combs. The effects of design parameters to the VOA performances are studied. It is shown that the planar MEMS VOAs with linear attenuation-voltage relationships can be designed successfully by using the proposed method. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
  • Article
    Citation - Scopus: 55
    Industrial Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks in Industry 4.0: Exploring Requirements, Protocols, and Challenges—A MAC Survey
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd vgorayska@wiley.com Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, 2019-08-13) Raza, Saleem; Faheem, Muhammed Yasir; Güneş, Mesut; Guenes, Mesut
    The vision to connect everyday physical objects to the Internet promises to create the Internet of Things (IoT), which is expected to integrate the diverse technologies such as sensors, actuators, radio frequency identification, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. Thus, IoT promises to transfer traditional industry to advance digital industry known as the Industry 4.0. At the core of the Industry 4.0 are the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) that led to the development of industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) and industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks (IWSANs). These networks play a central role of connecting machines, parts, products, and humans and create a diverse set of new applications to support intelligent and autonomous decision making. The IWSAN is a promising technology for numerous industrial applications because of their several potential benefits such as simple deployment, low cost, less complexity, and mobility support. However, despite such benefits, they impose several unique challenges at different layers of the protocol stack when deploying them for various monitoring and control applications in the Industry 4.0. In this article, we explore IWSAN, its applications, requirements, challenges, and solutions in the context of industrial control applications. Our main focus is on the medium access control (MAC) layer that can be exploited to satisfy such requirements. Our discussion presents extensive background study of the MAC schemes and it reviews the MAC protocols of the existing wireless standards and technologies. A number of application-specific MAC protocols developed to support industrial applications, which are not part of these standards, are also elaborated. We rationalize to what extent the existing standards and protocols help in solving such requirements as laid down by the Industry 4.0. In the end, we emphasize on existing challenges and present important future directions. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    Design of Wide-Band Tunable Optical Filters With Cascaded Microring Resonators and Shaped-Finger Comb-Drive Actuators
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016-05) Hah, Dooyoung
    Utilizing the Vernier effect, series coupling of multiple microring resonators with different sizes is used to design a wide-band (free spectral range: 36 nm) tunable filter. For index modulators that shift the filter spectrum by changing effective indices through evanescent coupling, silicon waveguides are considered, which make the fabrication simpler. Effects of the index modulator width to the filter characteristics are studied. A narrower modulator (width: 50 nm) does not incur much loss to the resonator, but requires hopping among several bands since its tuning effect is moderate. On the other hand, a wider modulator (width: 100 nm) can cover the full free spectral range without band hopping, but induces severe loss when it is close to the resonator. The shaped-finger comb-drive actuator design method is applied to obtain linear drop channel control. © 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - Scopus: 3
    Design of Mechanically Tunable Optical Filters With Microring Resonators
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015-04) Hah, Dooyoung; Bordelon, John
    Design strategies for the mechanically tunable optical filters with microring resonators and comb-drive actuators are discussed. Electromechanical simulation results are combined with the electromagnetic analysis of the device. A method to design comb-drive actuators to achieve linear resonant wavelength-voltage characteristics is presented. © 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 3
    Citation - Scopus: 4
    Analytical Design of Linear Variable Capacitors With Shaped-Finger Comb-Drive Actuators
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018-05) Hah, Dooyoung
    Variable capacitors have a broad usage in radio frequency (RF) circuits. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology can provide variable capacitors with high quality factor and wide tuning range characteristics. One of the design goals for MEMS varactors has been linear capacitance- voltage (C-V) characteristics. To design a linear C-V varactor, a shaped-finger comb-drive actuator is proposed in this paper. The shaped-finger design method, originally developed to obtain linear wavelength-voltage relationships in a tunable optical filter, is modified in this work for a linear C-V varactor, which involves development of a new governing equation. Moreover, conformal mapping is employed in calculation of capacitances, making the whole design process almost all-analytical with the minimum usage of numerical analysis methods. Variable capacitors with the shaped-finger design show linearity factor (LF) - defined as the maximum deviation from the perfect linear relationship - as low as 0.4%, tremendously improved from that of the conventional constant-finger-gap devices (LF: 49.9%). The characteristics of the designed variable capacitor are further investigated through 3-D numerical analysis, and show LF better than 11.5% for the finger thickness in the range between 1 and 10 micrometers. Versatility of the design method is further demonstrated by design of a varactor with linear resonant frequency-voltage (f-V) characteristics for voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) applications. The developed analytical design method with shaped fingers can find a wide range of applications where comb-drive actuators are used. © 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.