Mimarlık Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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THE RESTITUTION PROCESS IN CONSERVATION: DISCOVERING THE HISTORY OF SEHIT ALI PASA LIBRARY
(MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIV, MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIV, FAC ARCHITECTURE, INONU BULVARI, ANKARA, 06531, TURKEY, 01.01.2019) Gumuslu Akgun, Seda Nehir; Sonmez Pulat, Ece; Bilgili, Bilal; 0000-0002-2727-3370; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü
Conservation of cultural heritage sites is a multi-phased process including the architectural survey, restitution and restoration. Survey phase begins with the preliminary research and in situ analysis, which are crucial for comprehending the specifications, potentials and architectural characteristic of the site. After architectural survey, restitution is carried out to understand the situation in the first period of the site and how it has undergone a change in the historical process. During the restitution studies, alternatives are prepared for various periods by using the traces on the building and archival documents. At the last stage of the conservation process, which is restoration, the interventions for deterioration, repair proposals and spatial organization are determined according to the new/current use. This study focuses on restitution process of Sehit Ali Pasa Library, which is currently located in the garden of Vefa High School in Kalenderhane Neighbourhood, and consists of four main parts. The first part focuses on general information of the conservation process. In the second part, the historical background, location, spatial organization, construction technique and materials of the building are examined. The restitution or historical analysis process is the main theme of the third part, and all the findings and considerations are evaluated and interpreted in the final part. In this study, all characteristic features and the layers of the cultural heritage are discussed and documented to indicate the importance of architectural survey and restitution interpretation of the conservation process through the Sehit Ali Pasa Library as a multi-layered example. Unfortunately, the findings in the archives or the libraries are limited to propose certain restitution alternatives or precise historical description for this 18th century library, but it is crucial to underline the importance of detailed research process and methodology, architectural survey to prepare a scientific, reasonable, and consistent historical analyses of cultural heritage such as Sehit Ali Pasa Library as a multi-layered and complex building.
Analysis of coronary angiography related psychophysiological responses
(BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2011) Okkesim, Sukru; Kara, Sadik; Kaya, Mehmet G.; Asyali, Musa H.; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü;
Background: Coronary angiography is an important tool in diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is the administration is relatively stressful and emotionally traumatic for the subjects. The aim of this study is to evaluate psychophysiological responses induced by the coronary angiography instead of subjective methods such as a questionnaire. We have also evaluated the influence of the tranquilizer on the psychophysiological responses. Methods: Electrocardiography (ECG), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) of 34 patients who underwent coronary angiography operation were recorded. Recordings were done at three phases: "1 hour before," "during," and "1 hour after" the coronary angiography test. Total of 5 features obtained from the physiological signals were compared across these three phases. Sixteen of the patients were administered 5 mg of a tranquilizer (Diazepam) before the operation and remaining 18 were not. Results: Our results indicate that there is a strong correlation between features (LF/HF, Bk, DN1/DN2, skin conductance level and seg_mean) in terms of reflecting psychophysiological responses. However only DN1/DN2 feature has statistically significant differences between angiography phases (for diazepam: p = 0.0201, for non_diazepam p = 0.0224). We also note that there are statistically significant differences between the diazepam and non-diazepam groups for seg_mean features in "before", "during" and "after" phases (p = 0.0156, 0.0282, and 0.0443, respectively). Conclusions: The most intense sympathetic activity is observed in the "during" angiography phase for both of the groups. The obtained features can be used in some clinical studies where generation of the customized/individual diagnoses styles and quantitative evaluation of psychophysiological responses is necessary.
The role of spatal planning for sustainable tourism development: A theoretical model for Turkey
(Institute for Tourism, 2012) Dede, Okan Murat; Ayten, Asim Mustafa; 0000-0002-4464-6204; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Ayten, Asim Mustafa
Planning concept is an important concept for realizing the benefits of the tourism sector for localities, public and environment. Planning is a broad term covering several stages from national strategic decisions to unique design applications. Spatial planning is an important aspect of planning with a focus on physical planning in various sectors as well as tourism. The importance of planning has increased with the prominence of a second concept; sustainability. Since the 1970s, sustainability has continuously gained importance in all socio economic aspects of human beings. It is also important for the tourism sector as this sector has effects on the environment. This article tackles the role and importance of physical planning for the development of sustainable tourism concept. For this reason, a model is built for sustainable tourism development in Turkey as Turkish legislation system regarding planning and tourism should be improved in terms of sustainability. The aim of the article is to determine how to integrate spatial planning to sustainable tourism development and to decide the possible pathways within sustainable tourism development. The model considers all stages from large scale decisions to architectural design within a comprehensive manner. This model could be utilized to deal with all aspects of planning, such as policies, strategies, spatial decisions, building structuring, density, site planning and architecture.
The role of spatial planning for sustainable tourism development: A theoretical model for Turkey
(INST TOURISM, 2012) Dede, Okan Murat; Ayten, Asim Mustafa; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Ayten, Asim Mustafa
Planning concept is an important concept for realizing the benefits of the tourism sector for localities, public and environment. Planning is a broad term covering several stages from national strategic decisions to unique design applications. Spatial planning is an important aspect of planning with a focus on physical planning in various sectors as well as tourism. The importance of planning has increased with the prominence of a second concept; sustainability. Since the 1970' s, sustainability has continuously gained importance in all socio economic aspects of human beings. It is also important for the tourism sector as this sector has effects on the environment. This article tackles the role and importance of physical planning for the development of sustainable tourism concept. For this reason, a model is built for sustainable tourism development in Turkey as Turkish legislation system regarding planning and tourism should be improved in terms of sustainability. The aim of the article is to determine how to integrate spatial planning to sustainable tourism development and to decide the possible pathways within sustainable tourism development. The model considers all stages from large scale decisions to architectural design within a comprehensive manner. This model could be utilized to deal with all aspects of planning, such as policies, strategies, spatial decisions, building structuring, density, site planning and architecture.
The Technology of an Early Reinforced Concrete Structure in Turkey: The Great Storehouse of the Kayseri Sumerbank Textile Factory (1932-1935)
(SCUOLA PITAGORA EDITRICEPIAZZA SANTA MARIA DEGLI ANGELI, 1, NAPOLI, 80132, ITALY, 2015) Asiliskender, Burak; Yöney Baturayoğlu, Nilüfer; Piscitelli, M; 0000-0002-4143-4214; 0000-0003-3161-9415; 0000-0002-0426-5626; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Asiliskender, Burak; Yöney Baturayoğlu, Nilüfer
The former Kayse`ri Sumerbank Textile Factor(1932-1935) designed and funded by the U.S.S.R. was among the first large-scaled industrial establishments in Turkey. The so-called Great Storehouse as well as the rest of the complex constitutes an interesting case study as an early example of large-scaled reinforced concrete construction in a provincial center for Turkish and Soviet technological history. The long and narrow building measuring 135x45m is constructed in four sections with wide spanning axes based on a skeletal system, supported with slender columns and beams. The columns rise 5-6.5m from the original floor level and reach 9m along the raised central nave. The foundations are composed of double layers of square footings joined with tie beams. The partition walls are constructed with bricks while the exterior walls are tuff. All the masonry walls are held together with a weak mortar based on cement, lime and sand, and with steel reinforcing bars placed horizontally in the horizontal courses and tied to thicker steel bars vertically along the columns. Horizontal strip windows located in the upper part of the exterior walls and along the high central nave provide natural light. There are steel hangar doors along the east and west walls in almost each grid as well as two central doorways located on the short east and west facades. The reinforced concrete surfaces are left exposed while the brick walls and the interior surfaces of the tuff walls are plastered.
KORUMA-YENİLEME ODAKLI BİR YAKLAŞIM ÇERÇEVESİNDE KAYSERİ “GERMİR” YERLEŞİMİNİN BUGÜNÜ VE GELECEĞİ
(Mehmet Dursun Erdem, 2015) Ayten, Asım Mustafa; 0000-0002-4464-6204; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Ayten, Asım Mustafa
Kültürel Mimari miras kavramı Uluslararası Anıtlar ve Sitler Konseyi tarafından kentsel koruma literatürüne son zamanlarda girmiş bir kavramdır. Sürdürülebilirlik ilkesi gereği kültür varlıkları ile sit alanlarının korunmasını ve gelecek nesillere eksiksiz bir biçimde aktarılmasını içermektedir. Özellikle, kentsel koruma yolu ile koruma kültürü ve bilincinin toplumlara kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Mimari mirasın korunması kentsel belleğin sürdürülmesi açısından da önem göstermektedir. Avrupa’da korumaya ilişkin mevzuat çok eski olmasına rağmen, ülkemizde oldukça yenidir. Özellikle, Koruma altına alınan bölgelerde, koruma ilkeleri ile ölçütlerine uygun uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Buna dair olarak da başta 1964 yılında kabul edilen Venedik tüzüğü olmak üzere çok sayıda uluslararası anlaşmanın hükümleri geçerlidir. Bu hükümler iç hukuk sistemini de etkilemektedir. Cumhuriyet dönemi ile birlikte, korumacılık farklı bir alana taşınmaya başlamıştır. Müzeciliğin Osman Hamdi bey tarafından Osmanlı döneminde başlatılmasının ardından, kentsel ölçekte hangi tarihi döneme ait olup olmaksızın tüm tarihi ve kültür varlıklarını korumayı esas alan bir yaklaşım önemli hale gelmiştir. Bunda,1951 yılında Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler Anıtlar Kurulunun kurulması da temel etkenlerden biri olmuştur. Ancak, 1980 yılından sonra bu yapılanma ortadan kaldırılarak yerine yeni bir örgütlenmeye geçiş yapılmıştır. Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planlama çalışmaları ise ülkemizde 2863 ve 3386 sayılı Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma yasalarında belirtilen hükümler uyarınca Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, eski adı ile İller Bankası şimdiki adı ile İl Bank, Valilikler ve Belediyelerce gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çoğunlukla bakanlık ve iller bankasınca yapılan veya yaptırılan koruma amaçlı imar planları analiz, sentez çalışmaları ile planların çeşitli ölçeklerde elde edilmesi ve uygulanması aşamalarını kapsamaktadır. 2863 sayılı yasa uyarınca tespit, tescil ve belgeleme çalışmaları bakanlık ve koruma kurullarınca yapılmaktadır. Planların fonksiyonel değişiklikler yolu ile yoğunluklar değişmeden yapılabilmesinin araçları üzerinde durmak gerekir. Genellikle, plan yapımı öncesinde sit alanlarındaki yapılar üzerinde imar hakları kısıtlanmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, istenilen hedefler bir türlü sağlanamamakta, planların performansları ise düşük olmaktadır. Bu da kamu kaynaklarının boşa gitmesine ve atıl kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Üstelik pek çok belediye, planların uygulanması konusunda pasif kalmaktadır. Örneğin, bu duruma bölgede yaşayan halkın tescile ve sit kavramına tepkili olmaları da eklenebilir. Türkiye’deki en önemli sorun ise planlardan çok planların hangi araçlarla, finansman ve örgütlenme modelleri ile uygulanacağı üzerinedir. Projelendirme, Programlama, Politika oluşturma ve Parasal kaynak bulmak da ayrıca uygulamayı başarılı kılan diğer etmenlerdir. Bu holistik yaklaşım içinde koruma altına alınan bu gibi bölgeleri pasif koruma yerine aktif bir koruma içinde ele alarak korumak esas olmak durumundadır. Artık, tek yapı ölçeğindeki koruma anlayışından tüm kentin ve bölgenin tarihi ve kültürel varlıklarının korunmasına dayalı olarak koruma amaçlı imar planlarının yapılması zorunlu kılınmıştır. Yerel yönetimler ya da yerel yönetimlerin yetki vermek sureti ile Kültür bakanlığınca koruma amaçlı imar planı yapılmaktadır. Ülkemizde çok sayıda kentsel, tarihi, arkeolojik ve doğal sit alanı mevcuttur. Sit alanları içerisinde ise mevcut yapı stokunun; geleneksel sivil mimarlık yapıları ile anıtsal yapıların (cami, kervansaray, hamam, medrese, kümbet gibi) bir bütün halinde korunmaya çalışılmaktadır. Özellikle, Uluslararası örgütlerce Avrupa Birliği, UNESCO, gibi kamusal fonlar ve teknik yardımlar yolu ile destekleri bulunmaktadır. Ülkemizdeki pek çok yerleşim dünya kültürel mimari miras listesine alınmıştır. Bunlar arasında, Safranbolu, Divriği Ulu Camii ve Darüşifası, Hattuşaş, İstanbul tarihi yarımada, Eminönü, Nemrut dağı, Xanthos-Letoon, Truva antik kenti, Edirne Selimiye cami ve külliyesi, Çatalhöyük neolitik şehri, Bergama çok katmanlı kültürel peyzaj alanı, Bursa and Cumalıkızık, Göreme Ulusal parkı ve Kapadokya, Pamukkale-Hierapolis dir. Bu çalışmada, Kayseri Germir Koruma Amaçlı İmar planı örneklenerek ele alınmaktadır. Germir yerleşimi Kayseri Metropoliten bölgesi içinde yer alan ve kentin doğusunda konumlanmış olan bir mahalledir. Germir tarih boyunca belirli ürünlerde uzmanlaşmış ve ticaretin yapıldığı bir yerleşim merkezi olmuştur. Bu özelliğini günümüzde yitirmiştir. Eskiden boyacılıkta kullanılan cehri bitkisinin teknolojideki gelişmelerden dolayı günümüzde kullanılmamaktadır. Aynı zamanda, Germir’de çok sayıda Müslüman ve gayri Müslüman azınlık yaşamıştır. Germir kültür ve doğa turizminin gerçekleştirilmesine dönük potansiyellere sahiptir. Kayseri, Kapadokya ve Erciyes dağının yakınında bulunan bir merkez olarak turizmde istenilen düzeye ulaşamamıştır. Ne var ki, gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası boyutta bölgeye daha fazla turist gelebilmesi için Germir ve benzeri yerleşimlerin, Gesi, Ağırnas gibi arasında bir kültür turizm ağı kurulmalıdır. Bu ağ içinde yer alan yerleşimler metropollerdeki yaşamın stresinden uzak kalmak isteyenler için oldukça uygun bir yaşama bölgesi oluşturabilir. Bu bakımdan, Germirin ekolojik tarihi ve kültürel yapısını koruyan bir mimari yaklaşım ile eko-turizm odaklı bir ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınma programı kolaylıkla uygulanabilecektir. Turizmin diğer alt sektörleri de geliştirdiği bir yapının kurulması yerleşimin göç vermesini önleyecektir. Germir’de yer alan başta kilise olmak üzere tüm dini anıtsal yapıların korunması ve özgün hali içinde kullanılması gerekmektedir. Gerek kamu tarafından gerekse özek sektör tarafından plan ile belirlenen yapıların işlevsel değişiklikleri yapılmalıdır. Bu bağlamda, restorasyon çalışmalarına başlanılması, ağırlıklı olarak taş malzemeden yapılmış olması nedeni ile de konutların özgün malzemeye uygun restore edilmesi şarttır. Bu yapıların yer aldığı korunacak sokakların canlı bir sokak kimliği kazanabilmesi açısından da açık mekanlarla-meydan birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, Kayseri Metropoliten alanı sınırları içinde yer alan Germir 1.Derece Doğal ve Kentsel Sit alanı yerleşimine özgü koruma sorunlarını ortaya çıkartmak ve bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik bir koruma perspektifi gerçekleştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, Kayseri Germir yerleşimine yönelik, makalenin hazırlanması sırasında İller Bankası’nca ihale edilen Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı araştırma raporundan yararlanılmıştır. Halen, söz konusu çalışmanın planlama aşaması sürmektedir. Ayrıca, Literatürde de Germir’e ilişkin çok sınırlı sayıda kaynak olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu derleme çalışması göstermiştir ki, koruma amaçlı imar planlarının uzun sürelere yayılmasından ötürü koruma konuları ve politikaları için bu durum bir dezavantajdır. Bunun yanı sıra, alanda yapılan görsel tespitlerden (fotoğrafla tespit ve belgeleme) hane halkı kullanıcıları ile yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen notlardan önemli ölçüde yararlanılmıştır.
The evaluation of the integration of industrial heritage areas to urban landscape: The case study of sumerbank kayseri cotton factory
(Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture, 2015) Kevseroğlu Durmuş, Özlem; Kubat, Ayşe Sema; 0000-0003-1828-2256; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Kevseroğlu Durmuş, Özlem
The aim of this study is to develop an urban design strategy for the revitalization of post-industrial areas and the railway line in Kayseri–an industrialized city in Central Anatolia, Turkey. With the developments in 1930s, Kayseri became one of the modern cities of the Turkish Republic. In parallel with the world’s history of industrialization, Kayseri Sümerbank Cotton Factory was established in 1935 nearby the rail line in order to benefit from transportation and marketplace facilities. The current design of the Factory is characterized by the hostile layout of the railway tracks, which inhibits pedestrian access and segregates the area from the city center. This segregated circumstance is evaluated and new design strategies are developed with the aim of converting the isolated area into an innovative park design including sustainable, mixed-used functions for creating a pedestrian-friendly environment. The basic concepts and the methods of Space syntax are adapted to develop a new strategy for this Brownfield site by analyzing the relationship between the urban form, the pattern of movement and space use. The proposed design project is an integrated approach to land-use, transportation, green space and sustainable development that will create a framework for the future growth of the City of Kayseri and lead to a vibrant and livable city with an enhanced quality of urban life.
Architectural Restoration projects in metropolitan areas: the case of the Supyo Bridge
(SCUOLA PITAGORA EDITRICE, 2015) Polimeni, Beniamino; Piscitelli, M; 0000-0003-1935-8523; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Polimeni, Beniamino
In the last ten years, Asian metropolises have invested large amounts of money in urban renewal projects by encouraging large-scale environmental interventions that re-introduced nature to the cities and promoted a specific identity for the downtown areas. Among these projects, the restoration of the Cheonggyecheon River in Seoul is the most well-known case. The transformation of the river in twenty-nine months from an outdated highway into a multipurpose linear park deserves recognition as a pivotal project in modern urban design. The plan is an outstanding achievement that recovers the biological and social ecology of the city and demonstrates the keen ability of design at the urban scale to generate concrete transformation successfully over vast territories. As an example of a process of urban identity, the creation of this large-scale intervention evokes the historical legacy of the city and has been considered a step towards redeveloping the city's cultural heritage. The construction of a network of pedestrian pathways to connect the historic places and the restoration of the historic monuments are part of a cultural strategy characterized by a long debate of how to restore these areas. In particular, the restoration of two historic bridges Gwangtonggyo and Supyogyo was a highly controversial section of the plan as several interest groups voiced opinions on how to restore historical and cultural sites and their remnants and whether to replace the bridges or not. This article will examine the different restoration strategies designed for the Supyo Bridge ( Supyogyo) that has stood in the Jangchungdan Park since 1965 and, according to the main project, should be relocated in its original position.
The Revolarization of Industrial Heritage: AGU Sumer Campus in Kayseri, Turkey
(SCUOLA PITAGORA EDITRICEPIAZZA SANTA MARIA DEGLI ANGELI, 1, NAPOLI, 80132, ITALY, 2016) Asiliskender, Burak; Baturayoglu Yoney, Nilufer; 0000-0002-4143-4214; 0000-0002-0426-5626; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Baturayoglu Yoney, Nilufer; Asiliskender, Burak
The Sumerbank Textile Factory in Kayseri (1932-1935) was one of the earliest and largest industrial complexes designed and constructed following the foundation of the Turkish Republic. This was a striking ensemble of buildings with rationalist and functionalist vocabulary, which also functioned as an urban center of social and cultural modernization, providing work and cultural/recreational activities based on a secular and westernized way of life in contrast with the existing traditional society. The factory went through a number of technological changes during its production history, and was finally closed and abandoned in 1999. The site, located along the northern development corridor of the city, and its buildings soon became derelict and were vandalized. Various projects for its regeneration as a green area were not implemented. National designation followed for the site in 2003 and for the buildings in 2007. However no conservation or adaptive re-use plans were made until the allocation of the complex to Abdullah Gul University in 2012. Today the complex is being transformed into an urban university campus. The master plan dated 2014 aims to redefine the urban and socio-cultural function of the complex. The open campus concept will welcome the citizens to an architecturally preserved and restored site with a selection of new activities focusing on culture and education at different levels where the spirit and memory of place will be sustained.
On their way home ... a network analysis of medieval caravanserai distribution in the syrian region, according to an 1D approach
(Archaeopress, 2016) Palombini, Augusto; Tavernari, Cinzia; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Tavernari, Cinzia
The common theory on caravanserais states that they were built at one-day's march distance from each other. Such a pattern may fit some situations, but it does not seem to be present in Syria during the Ayyubid (1174-1260 CE) and Mamluk periods (1260-1517 CE), when most of the region's caravanserais were founded. Caravanserais built during these periods do not seem to follow a precise pattern of distribution along the communication axis of Syria and, as a result, the logic that underlines their distribution remains unclear. The authors face the problem through a GIS-based, network analysis approach that takes into account the building period of each structure and the one-dimensional criterion of distance to its nearest neighbour, also considered in relation to the closeness to urban centres. The results of the analysis are then compared to the historical Syrian caravan networks. The outcomes show interesting aspects both in terms of understanding the route organization, and of predictive methods for focusing on areas where structures not yet located may be expected.
A conceptual process model for the sustainability of a healthy building
(Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture, 2016) Sarp Yalçin, Asutan; Balanlı, Ayşe; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü;
Healthy buildings may lose their healthy characteristics over time and due to changing circumstances during their usage phase, which may lead to biological and psychological health problems for their users. Thus a process model is required for buildings which ensures that the initial healthy environment is retained. This study therefore introduces a conceptual Process Model for the Sustainability of a Healthy Building. In the study, the sustainability of the healthy building and its criteria were determined by the help of the definition of sustainability and associated criteria. Then, the changes which prevent the building from sustaining its healthy status were introduced. Based on the events that lead to the loss of healthy building performance, the actions and functioning of the process model were created. Action steps were then composed and the relationship between these steps were established. As a result, the principal components of this model are determined as Achievement of a Healthy Building, Sustainability Assessment of a Healthy Building, and Sustainability Management of a Healthy Building. Application of the procedures in the proposed model can help maintain the healthy characteristics of buildings throughout their operational lifespan, thereby preserving the basic requirement for a healthy environment. © 2016 Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All Right Reserved.
Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Stratejik Sürdürülebilir Alan Yönetimi
(DEOMED PUBL, ISTANBUL, GUR SOK 7-B, FIKIRTEPE 34720 KADIKOY, ISTANBUL, 00000, TURKEY, 2016) Ayten, Asim Mustafa; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Ayten, Asim Mustafa
In retrospect, the role of scientific progress is of the utmost importance in the development and the current status of the universitites whose history is as old as the city life. The main determinants of the emergence of Enlightenment period have been the Reformation and the Renaissance movements in Europe. Thus, thoughts and ideas based on the mind instead of dogmas have made progress under the guidance of positivism and the city life has been indirectly affected from this development. The industrial revolution caused remodeling and changes in urban and spatial structure. Although educated and skilled labor force was not requested by the industry initially, that kind of force gained importance over time and the collaboration between industry and universities became inevitable. Until the years of 1940, Von Humboldt system, prevailing in Germany, changed and US system has become effective since 1945. During the years of 1960, universities became technology-based organizations and the institutions where scientific researches were conducted instead of the ones where only educational activities were carried out. Particularly, new settlements based on technology development regions attracted the attention. Within the order created by this relationship, different kinds of universities, research centers and spatial constructions were emerged either inside or outside the cities. In parallel with the growth of the cities, university buildings moved to the campuses outside the cities in accordance with the changing needs and new applications were made inside the cities and over the vast areas with different spatial typologies. In our study, campus site managements were examined in terms of environmental factors, logistics, traffic management, transportation and other criteria (population size, field size, space per person and etc.), sampled with a survey carried out on 22 universities and made an evaluation based on the responses taken by 17 universities. This study has shown that our universities have not got a large part of the criteria required to become a 3rd generation university. So as to compete with the other universities in the World, an approach with corresponding social, economic, and spatial dimensions which leaves an impression on the city, region, country and the whole World should be put into practice in the field of higher education.
Adaptive reuse of industrial heritage: Resilience or irreparable loss?
(Docomomo, 2016) Baturayoğlu-Yöney, Nilüfer; Asiliskender, Burak; Özer, Aysegul; 0000-0003-3161-9415; 0000-0002-4143-4214; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Baturayoğlu-Yöney, Nilüfer; Asiliskender, Burak
The restoration and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage buildings and complexes, which present structurally and functionally resilient shells, provide us with an interesting dilemma in theory and practice: made of hard wearing materials to house straining functions and to last as long as possible, they are also flexible enough to adapt to almost any new purpose as a container. However, the presence of original machinery and equipment as well as designs based on machine-buildings may reduce the possibilities of adaptive reuse to a museum, where the buildings exhibit themselves, retaining the social, economic, historic and public aspects of cultural heritage as documents. Although originally built on the outskirts of urban settlements, today most industrial heritage complexes occupy central locations in the metropolitan sprawl of major cities. If disused, they are considered obsolete brownfields by local authorities and citizens despite personal and collective memories that may be attached to them. Their conversion into new uses presents major technical difficulties that require expertise in design and implementation. This paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage and inherent problems, focusing on the case of the Sümerbank Kayseri Textile Factory (I. Nikolaev, Turkstroj, 1932-1935), which is being transformed into the campus of Abdullah GUI University. The restoration, renovation and adaptive reuse projects for different components of the complex follow similar principles of preservation and sustainability while they are modified to fit the architectural and technological characteristics of each building. Thus, although conversive and easily adaptable, the preservation of industrial architectural heritage becomes a dilemma between disruption and continuity, which the architects have to solve going beyond the possibilities of mere building stock on the one hand and that of the museum on the other.
Soap film analogy for anisotropically stretched membranes and cable nets
(SPRINGERONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES, 2017) Beatini, Valentina; Royer-Carfagni, Gianni; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Beatini, Valentina
Analogical physical models are a preferred technique to intuitively grasp complex engineering problems. It is well-known that the equilibrium minimal-surface configuration of membranes under equibiaxial tension can be visually represented by the surface of a soap film under equivalent boundary conditions, but this analogy fails when the stress state is not uniform equibiaxial. We extend to this situation the analogy with soap films. The equilibrium state of an orthotropically tensioned membrane is found by geometrically stretching the shape of a soap film, in a precise manner depending upon the applied state of stress. The procedure is easily done by elaborating digital pictures. The method is mathematically justified under the kinematic hypotheses of small strains and large rotations, and further verified in a parametric design environment. It can also provide an insight into the equilibrium configuration of cable-nets, when the stresses in the warp and weft directions are considerably different. Furthermore, this visualization favors implementing transformable shapes for membranes or orthogonal cable nets, as a consequence of a modification of the ratio of the principal stress components.
TURKEY
(ROUTLEDGE2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND, 2017) Salman, Yildiz; Polat, Ebru Omay; Yoney, Nilufer Baturayoglu; 0000-0003-3161-9415; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Yoney, Nilufer Baturayoglu
TURKEY
Large transformations with moderate strains of tensile membrane structures
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND, 2017) Beatini, Valentina; Carfagni, Gianni Royer; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü
Using a classical non-linear theory, we analytically investigate possible ways for transforming the shape of a curved elastic membrane while keeping it tensioned and moderately strained. This is a critical issue because, as a rule, membranes must be considerably stretched in order to avoid wrinkling and slackening. If the final configuration is fixed, the membrane can be cut and formed according to the final shape, but this cannot be done if more configurations, considerably distant from one another, have to be achieved. Nevertheless, we propose large transformation movements that can be obtained starting from flat membranes while maintaining their strain as limited. We discuss in detail the paradigmatic example of the hyperbolic-paraboloid-shaped membrane. These opportunities are suitable for applications of transformable architecture because they do not require excessive tensioning, compatible with the strength of materials used for this kind of structures.
Kinetic rosette patterns and tessellations
(Wit Press, 2017) Beatini, Valentina; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Beatini, Valentina
The paper investigates the possibility to create kinetic rosette patterns and their tessellations by means of modular linkages which rely on the same type and number of symmetry operations as the reference models. The mechanisms show a hierarchy of movements. It is found that symmetry is an effective unifying concept in the design of both the fixed models and the mechanisms. Furthermore, the resulting rosette linkages and their tessellations have peculiar kinematic characteristics if compared to other modular mechanisms which may be alternatively used to reproduce the same kind of models.
A regularized non-smooth contact dynamics approach for architectural masonry structures
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND, 2017) Beatini, Valentina; Royer-Carfagni, Gianni; Tasora, Alessandro; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü;
A Non-Smooth Contact Dynamic (NSCD) formulation is used to analyze complex assemblies of rigid blocks, representative of real masonry structures. A model of associative friction sliding is proposed, expressed through a Differential Variational Inequality (DVI) formulation, relying upon the theory of Measure Differential Inclusion (MDI). A regularization is used in order to select a unique solution and to avoid problems of indeterminacy in redundant contacts. This approach, complemented with an optimized collision detection algorithm for convex contacts, results to be reliable for dynamic analyses of masonry structures under static and dynamic loads. The approach is comprehensive, since we implement a custom NSCD simulator based on the Project Chrono C++ framework, and we design custom tools for pre-and post-processing through a user-friendly parametric design software. Representative examples confirm that the method can handle 3-D complex structures, as typically are architectural masonry constructions, under both static and dynamic loading. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Symmetry-Based Transformable and Foldable Plate Structures
(ASMETWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990, 2017) Beatini, Valentina; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü
This paper presents a novel family of modular flat-foldable rigid plate structures composed by assemblies of 4R-linkages. First, in the field of foldable plates, the proposed system is characterized by being not only foldable but also transformable: the slope of one module over the other is capable of changing not only magnitude but also sign. This transformable behavior extends the range of application of foldable plates from simply larger-smaller configurations to substantially different configurations and usages. The transformable curve is obtained by means of symmetry operations on the spherical length of links. For each module, three configurations can be designed. Various examples are illustrated.
The role of frictional contact of constituent blocks on the stability of masonry domes
(ROYAL SOC, 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND, 2018) Beatini, Valentina; Royer-Carfagni, Gianni; Tasora, Alessandro; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü;
The observation of old construction works confirms that masonry domes can withstand tensile hoop stresses, at least up to a certain level. Here, such tensile resistance, rather than a priori assumed as a property of the bulk material, is attributed to the contact forces that are developed at the interfaces between interlocked blocks under normal pressure, specified by Coulomb's friction law. According to this rationale, the aspect ratio of the blocks, as well as the bond pattern, becomes of fundamental importance. To investigate the complex assembly of blocks, supposed rigid, we present a non-smooth contact dynamic analysis, implemented in a custom software based on the Project Chrono C++ framework and complemented with parametric-design interfaces for pre- and post-processing complex geometries. Through this advanced tool, we investigate the role of frictional forces resisting hoop stresses in the stability of domes, either circular or oval, under static and dynamic loading, focusing, in particular, on the structural role played by the underlying drumand the surmounting tiburium.

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