Browsing by Author "Türk, Umut"

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15

Airbnb and COVID-19: SPACE-TIME vulnerability effects in six world-cities
(Elsevier, 2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Östh, John; Türk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; 0000-0002-4068-8132; 0000-0002-7171-994X; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü
This study examines the COVID-19 vulnerability and subsequent market dynamics in the volatile hospitality market worldwide, by focusing in particular on individual Airbnb bookings-data for six world-cities in various continents over the period January 2020–August 2021. This research was done by: (i) looking into factual survival rates of Airbnb accommodations in the period concerned; (ii) examining place-based impacts of intracity location on the economic performance of Airbnb facilities; (iii) estimating the price responses to the pandemic by means of a hedonic price model. In our statistical analyses based on large volumes of time- and space-varying data, multilevel logistic regression models are used to trace ‘corona survivability footprints’ and to estimate a hedonic price-elasticity-of-demand model. The results reveal hardships for the Airbnb market as a whole as well as a high volatility in prices in most cities. Our study highlights the vulnerability and ‘corona echoeffects’ on Airbnb markets for specific accommodation segments in several large cities in the world. It adds to the tourism literature by testing the geographic distributional impacts of the corona pandemic on customers’ choices regarding type and intra-urban location of Airbnb accommodations.
City love and neighbourhood resilience in the urban fabric: A microcosmic urbanometric analysis of Rotterdam
(ELSEVIER, 2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Wahlstrom, Mia; Türk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; TÜRK, Umut
Ups and downs in city life are dependent on the citizens' appreciation for their urban ‘home’, in particular the neighbourhood liveability. Taking modern research on urban wellbeing and happiness as a point of departure, this study presents and tests a new methodology for assessing the residents' affection for their local neighbourhood. This approach is inspired by the ‘city love’ concept and seeks to examine and decompose city love through an analytical distinction into the ‘body and soul’ of the city. Using a rich multi-period and geographically detailed database on neighbourhoods in the city of Rotterdam, including distinct social capital indicators for analysing social resilience in urban areas, a microcosmic decomposition of objective and subjective socioeconomic information is carried out. On the basis of geo-science visualisation methods and advanced spatial-econometric techniques for handling neighbourhood autocorrelation effects (‘urbanometrics’), a series of explanatory regression analyses is executed in order to identify and explain the determinants of city love at neighbourhood level in Rotterdam. We find that bonding and bridging social capital are prominent in shaping neighbourhood love and social resilience.
City love and place quality assessment of liveable and loveable neighbourhoods in Rotterdam
(2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Türk, Umut; Wahlstrom, Mia; 0000-0002-7171-994X; 0000-0002-4068-8132; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
After the worldwide interest in global sustainability and climate change challenges, an increasing concern is voiced on local quality of life and neighbourhood liveability. In recent urban studies, human well-being, satisfaction and happiness studies are gaining much popularity in a local context (the ‘microcosmic city’). The present study seeks to identify the determinants of the residents’ appreciation for their daily environment, called here ‘city love’. The latter concept captures both tangible or material aspects of city life (‘body’) and immaterial and emotional dimensions of local quality of life (‘soul’). The present paper seeks to develop and test a new quantitative ‘city love’ concept, inspired by the soul and body conceptualisation of urban attractiveness for residents and visitors – based on a novel ‘feelgood’ index (FGI) and a ‘human habitat’ index (HHI) –, with a view to map out the citizens’ contentment or appreciation (called neighbourhood love index – NLI) at a district or neighbourhood scale in the city of Rotterdam. Our study utilises data from a quantitative survey among thousands of residents located in 63 neighbourhoods in this city. In addition, the Rotterdam dataset contains not only survey data, but also register data on these neighbourhoods, e.g., real-estate values, crime statistics, and socio-demographics, while geographical information from OpenStreetMap (OSM) is added as a complement. In addition to a multivariate analysis of the rich data set, the paper employs also a quantile regression analysis extended with fixed effects. The results show that the coefficients of the feelgood index (FGI) and the human habitat index (HHI) decrease slightly as we move up the distribution of the neighbourhood love index (NLI). This means that physical and functional aspects of neighbourhoods, e.g., access to such amenities as public transportation, sport facilities, and also streets with diverse attractions or bikeable and walkable road networks, become more important for the lower end of the distribution of the neighbourhood love index (NLI). Our neighbourhood-specific analyses show that the Rotterdam districts and neighbourhoods differ substantially in many physical and social-emotional respects, which calls for place-based policies and sub-local well-being initiatives.
Covid-19 Döneminde Uzaktan Yüksek Öğrenim: Nicel ve Nitel Analiz
(TUBİTAK, 2020) Türk, Umut; Teke-Lloyd, Fatma Armagan; Demirtas, Burak Kagan; Bengü, Elif; 0000-0002-8440-7048; 0000-0001-9477-8128; 0000-0001-9817-7207; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut; Teke-Lloyd, Fatma Armagan; Demirtas, Burak Kagan; Bengü, Elif
Bu projede COVID-19 pandemisine karsı bir tedbir olarak Türkiye?de 16 Mart 2020 tarihinde baslatılan uzaktan egitim faaliyetlerinin nitel ve nicel analizi yapılmıstır. Arastırmanın disiplinlerarası yapısına uygun olarak, zengin bir veri seti elde edilip, standart ve gelismis ekonometrik teknikler kullanılmıstır. Bunlara ek olarak neden-sonuç iliskisini kurmak amacıyla gelistirilmis modern deneysel ekonomi dizaynı ve nitel arastırma araçlarından yararlanılmıstır. Proje çalısması ilk bölümünde yüz yüze ve pandemi sürecinde uzaktan egitim modelleri ögrenci çıktıları açısından karsılastırılmıstır. Ikinci bölümünde asenkron ve senkron egitim biçimlerinin ögrenci basarısına etkileri arastırılmıstır. Son olarak odak grubu çalısması ile ögrenci ve egitmenlerle görüsülmüstür. Pandemi sürecindeki uzaktan egitim ve yüz yüze egitim çıktıları karsılastırıldıgında, ögrenci çıktıları açısında bir basarı düsüsü olmadıgı gözlenmistir. Bununla birlikte basarıyı belirleyen faktörlerin bu süreçte farklılık gösterdigi ampirik olarak ortaya koyulmustur. Bulgular genis bir örneklemi kapsayan bir anket çalısması ile desteklenmis, nicel arastırma ile gözlenmesi mümkün olmayan ve pandemi sürecindeki uzaktan egitimde ögrenci deneyimlerini anlamak açısından önemli görülen bilgiler, odak grup çalısması ile elde edilmistir.
COVID-19 UZAKTAN EĞİTİM SÜRECİNDE ÖNE ÇIKAN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
(Trakya Üniversitesi, 2022) Teke-Lloyd, Fatma Armagan; Türk, Umut; Bengü, Elif; 0000-0001-5439-439X; 0000-0002-8440-7048; 0000-0001-9817-7207; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü; Teke-Lloyd, Fatma Armagan; Türk, Umut; Bengü, Elif
Uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları üzerine Türkiye’nin ve diğer ülkelerin deneyimi oldukça köklüdür; fakat, COVID-19 dönemindeki uzaktan eğitim, tam hazırlık yapılamadan örgün eğitimin tamamen yerini aldığı bir süreç olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Anadolu’da acil uzaktan eğitim sürecini görece başarılı yöneten bir devlet üniversitesinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğrencilerin deneyimlerini etkileyen sosyo-ekonomik faktörler ile birlikte öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim sürecine dair algılarını, zorlandıkları ve/veya olumlu buldukları yönleri tespit etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Makalenin bir diğer önemli çıktısı da uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğrencilerin motivasyonu ve başarısında fark yaratan sosyo-ekonomik ve toplumsal cinsiyet temelli faktörler olmuştur. Araştırmada 484 öğrenci ile anket ve 3 adet odak grup çalışması yapılmış, sonuçlar tanımlayıcı şekilde makalede paylaşılmıştır. Sonuçların, acil uzaktan öğrenme dönemine görece olarak hazırlıksız yakalanan yükseköğrenim kurumlarına, öğrenci algısını ve deneyimini anlamaları açısından bir kaynak olması beklenmektedir. Aynı zamanda, çalışma ile uzaktan eğitimde ‘hassas/kırılgan’ öğrenci gruplarının tespitinin yapılması ve uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğrencileri etkileyen sosyoekonomik eşitsizliklerin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır.
Did Liberal Lockdown Policies Change Spatial Behaviour in Sweden? Mapping Daily Mobilities in Stockholm Using Mobile Phone Data During COVID-19
(SPRINGER Nature Link, 2024) Shuttleworth, Ian; Toger, Marina; Turk, Umut; Osth, John; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
Sweden had the most liberal lockdown policies in Europe during the Covid-19 pandemic. Relying on individual responsibility and behavioural nudges, their effectiveness was questioned from the perspective of others who responded with legal restrictions on behaviour. In this study, using mobile phone data, we therefore examine daily spatial mobilities in Stockholm to understand how they changed during the pandemic from their pre-pandemic baseline given this background. The analysis demonstrates: that mobilities did indeed change but with some variations according to (a) the residential social composition of places and (b) their locations within the city; that the changes were long lasting; and that the average fall in spatial mobility across the whole was not caused by everybody moving less but instead by more people joining the group of those who stayed close to home. It showed, furthermore, that there were seasonal differences in spatial behaviour as well as those associated with major religious or national festivals. The analysis indicates the value of mobile phone data for spatially fine-grained mobility research but also shows its weaknesses, namely the lack of personal information on important covariates such as age, gender, and education.
The effect of lockdown on students' performance: A comparative study between Italy, Sweden and Turkey
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2023) Casalone, Giorgia; Michelangeli, Alessandra; Östh, John; Türk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
During the first months of the COVID-19 outbreak, countries adopted different strategies in order to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, ranging from recommendations to limit individual movement to severe lockdown measures. Regarding higher education, university studies were shifted to digital solutions in most countries. The sudden move to online teaching affected stu-dents differently, depending on the overall mitigation strategies applied. Severe lockdown and closure measures caused a disruption of their academic and social interactions. In contrast, rec-ommendations to limit activities probably did not change students' life to a great extent. The heterogeneity of the policies adopted in three countries (Italy, Sweden and Turkey) gives us an opportunity to assess the effects of lockdown measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic on uni-versity students' performance. We employ a difference-in-differences approach by exploiting the fact that Italy and Turkey experienced national lockdowns, while Sweden never applied nation-wide mandatory restrictive policies. We use administrative data from universities in the three countries to estimate the probability to pass exams after the spread of COVID-19 pandemic (and the shift to distance education), with respect to the previous comparable period. We find that the pass rate decreased with the shift to online teaching. However, lockdown measures, especially if very restrictive as those applied in Italy, helped to compensate such negative effect. A possible explanation is that students took advantage of the huge increase in the time available for their studies, given the impossibility to carry out any activity outside the home.
Inequality in leisure mobility: An analysis of activity space segregation spectra in the Stockholm conurbation
(ELSEVIER, 2023) Toger, Marina; Türk, Umut; Östh, John; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
Leisure mobility forms an important part of people’s spatial activity and mobility spectrum. This study aims to analyse the inequality dimensions of spatial mobility of individuals who seek to move to recreational and leisure destinations (often ‘green’ and ‘blue’) on designated days. The study traces – through the use of spatially dependent multilevel models – the mobility patterns of people from the greater Stockholm area, using individual pseudonymised mobile phone data and other publicly accessible data. We find significant socio-demographic inequalities in the observed residents’ spatial leisure choices, where less affluent groups display especially low variation in mobility when comparing between weekdays, weekends, vacation season and work-periods.
Introducing a spatially explicit Gini measure for spatial segregation
(SPRINGER, 2023) Türk, Umut; Östh, John; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
This paper proposes an alternative measure of economic segregation by income that utilizes the Gini index as the basis of measurement. The Gini Index of Spatial Segregation (GSS) is a ratio of two Gini indices that compares the inequality between neighbourhoods to the inequality between individuals at the macro-level where neighbourhoods are nested. Unlike earlier measures of segregation found in the literature, the GSS uses individualized neighbourhoods, which can be defined as an area constituted within a radius or as a population count method around an individual geo-location, depending on the population density and proximity among individuals in the study area. The GSS can measure residential segregation by any continuous variable for both radii and k-nearest neighbours (knn with and without a decay factor) approaches to bespoke neighbourhoods. Therefore, it is sensitive to the spatial configuration of the area, easy to compute and interpret, and suitable for comparative studies of segregation over time and across different contexts. An empirical application of the index is illustrated using data from Sweden that covers the entire population for 1994, 2004, and 2014. We demonstrate how the definition and scale of the neighbourhood influence the measures of economic segregation. Overall, the GSS offers a flexible and robust framework for measuring segregation that can be used to inform policy decisions and research on inequality.
Is City Love a Success Factor for Neighbourhood Resilience? Results from a Microcosmic Analysis of Rotterdam
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Türk, Umut; Wahlstrom, Mia; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
This study examines and tests the concept of ‘city love’ in the context of social resilience for urban neighbourhoods. It introduces the notion of ‘city body’ and ‘city soul’ so as to create an operational framework for measuring the citizens’ appreciation and attachment for the local neighbourhood. Particular attention is given to the social bonds in urban community networks and language groups. A quantitative statistical analysis is carried out to test the relationships and determinants of city (or neighbourhood) love, based on extensive statistical, survey and social media data on the city of Rotterdam.
Leisure mobility changes during the COVID-19 pandemic – An analysis of survey and mobile phone data in Sweden
(ELSEVIER, 2023) Östh, John; Toger, Marina; Türk, Umut; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
The COVID-19 pandemic affected travelling in general, and the leisure mobility and the spatial distribution of travellers in particular. In most parts of the world, both domestic and international travel has been replaced by restrictive policies and recommendations on mobility. A modal shift from public transport towards private cars and micro-mobility was also observed. This study seeks to trace the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for leisure mobility. We use a unique Swedish database containing daily mobility patterns of pseudonymised mobile phone users, combined with a survey on vacation transport behaviour. By contrasting mobility patterns for selected holiday days during the unaffected summer of 2019 with corresponding dates in 2020 and 2021, we are able to model and detect the pandemic effects on tourism and recreational mobility. Moreover, by identifying the general mobility patterns, we analyse whether and how the transport mode has changed. Using data on the spatial distribution of recreational amenities, we identify locations that were favoured during the pandemic. In Sweden, even though the pandemic decreased in spread and severity during the summers, most travel restrictions were still enforced, international vacations uncommon, and larger vacation spots, such as amusement parks and cultural institutions, were closed down. Swedish vacation homes in remote or rural areas were quickly booked. This change in recreational behaviour, where less populated areas, open air and nature recreation were favoured over indoor or crowded urban cultural activities, was more substantial in 2021 than in 2020. This result shows how policies can effectively be developed, so that Swedes respond properly to recommendations and adjust their vacation plans. © 2023 The Authors
Modelling place attractiveness in the era of big and open data
(WILEY, 2022) Osth, John; Turk, Umut; Huang, Jie; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
In recent years, an increasing amount of spatio–temporal data have been made public and openly available forresearch, particularly in online map databases. These new data sources enable researchers to reformulate the way inwhich to measure amenities and design analytical models.
Spatial Competition, Spatial Agglomeration and Survival of Small Businesses in Milan during COVID-19
(Societa Editrice Il Mulino, 2023) Türk, Umut; Östh, John; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
This study examines the location choice of small firms in Milan across three periods: pre-COVID, early COVID, and late COVID, testing the applicability of traditional spatial economic theories. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic restricting human mobility, there has been a significant acceleration of tele-activities such as remote work and e-commerce, which may have impacted consumer behavior and service supply. Using data extracted from open map services, we find that small businesses have become more residential but moved farther from the city center during the pandemic, with single-owned and multi-branch firms exhibiting different responses.
Special issue on ‘The city 2.0 – Smart People, Places and Planning’
(ELSEVIER, 2022) Nijkamp, Peter; Kourtit, Karima; Turk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
.
Sustainable development goals: People and places chose what they do not have
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2023) Dentinho, Tomaz Ponce; Kopczewska, Katarzyna; de Francesco, Giovanni; Pascariu, Gabriela Carmen; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Kurowska-Pysz, Joanna; Marques, João Lourenço; Viñuela, Ana; Türk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
Sustainable development goals: People and places chose what they do not have