The purpose of this study was to look into the effect of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) on the performance of newly developed Gd2 O3 /PSF
membranes A common phase inversion method was used to create the membranes. Pure
water flux and bovine serum albumin (BSA) permeation tests were used to evaluate membrane performance. FTIR and contact angle measurements were used to characterize the
membranes that were manufactured. The greatest percentage of BSA rejection was 53%. In
this work, the optimum membrane (2% wt Gd2O3/17% wt PSF) successfully demonstrated
53% rejection with filtrate flux for about 8.7 L/m2.h at a pressure of 10 bar.