Optimization of Culture Media Compositions and Conditions to Maximize Microbial Carotenoid Production Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Optimization of Culture Media Compositions and Conditions to Maximize Microbial Carotenoid Production Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
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Abstract
Bitkilerde ve bazı fotosentetik mikroorganizmalarda bulunan biyolojik olarak aktif pigmentler olan karotenoidler, görmeyi destekleyici ve cildi koruyucu etkilerine ek antioksidan, antikanser ve immünomodülatör özellikler gösterirler. Bu avantajlarıyla, ilaç, kozmetik ve gıda endüstrilerinde yüksek talep görmektedirler. Sentetik karotenoidler toksiktir ve hem insan sağlığı hem de çevre için potansiyel bir tehdit olarak görülmektedir; bitki kaynaklılar ise mevsimsel ve coğrafi faktörlere bağlı istikrarsız üretim kapasitesiyle uzun süreli bir yetiştirme gerektirir. Bu nedenlerle, mikrobiyal karotenoid üretimi, doğal, çevre dostu, uygun maliyetli ve sürdürülebilir bir süreç olduğundan umut vadeden bir alternatiftir. Dahası, mikrobiyal sistemler, ürünlerin verimliliğini ve kalitesini artırmak için kolayca manipüle ve optimize edilebilir. Bu tezin amacı, Yanıt Yüzey Metodolojisi (RSM) kullanarak mikrobiyal karotenoid üretimini en üst düzeye çıkarmak için kültür ortamı bileşimlerini ve büyüme koşullarını optimize etmektir. Bu çalışma boyunca, çeşitli kaynaklardan en uygun karbon ve azot kaynakları belirlendi ve dört farklı karotenoidin üretimi üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilerek optimum büyüme koşulları tanımlandı. Daha sonra, RSM kullanılarak kültür ortamı bileşimleri ve büyüme koşulları optimize edildi ve optimize edilmemiş LB ortamına kıyasla zeaksantin, likopen ve β-karoten titrelerinde yaklaşık 5 kat, astaksantin titresinde ise yaklaşık 12 kat artış sağlandı. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, RSM tabanlı kültür ortamı optimizasyonunun, deneysel çabayı azaltırken üretim verimini artırmada son derece etkili olduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca, endofitik bakterilerin karotenoid üretimi için umut vadeden mikrobiyal konaklar olarak potansiyelini vurguladı.
Carotenoids, biologically active pigments occurring in plants and some photosynthetic microorganisms, exert antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties in addition to vision-supporting and skin-protective effects. Given these advantages, they are highly demanded in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Synthetic carotenoids are toxic and viewed as a potential threat to both human health and the environment, and plant-origin carotenoids need a prolonged cultivation with unstable production capacity, depending on seasonal and geographic factors. For these reasons, microbial carotenoid production is a promising alternative as it is a natural, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable process. Moreover, microbial systems are easy to manipulate and optimize for the enhanced productivity and quality of products. The aim of the thesis is to optimize the culture media compositions and growth conditions to maximize the microbial carotenoid synthesis using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Throughout this study, the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were identified from various sources, and optimal growth conditions were defined by separately evaluating their effects on the production of four different carotenoids. Then, the culture media compositions and growth conditions were optimized using RSM, with a ∼5-fold increase in the titers of zeaxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene, and a ∼12-fold increase in astaxanthin titer compared to non-optimized LB medium. In conclusion, this study showed that RSM-based culture media optimization is highly effective for increasing production titer, while reducing experimental effort. It also highlighted the potential of endophytic bacteria as promising microbial hosts for carotenoid production.
Carotenoids, biologically active pigments occurring in plants and some photosynthetic microorganisms, exert antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties in addition to vision-supporting and skin-protective effects. Given these advantages, they are highly demanded in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Synthetic carotenoids are toxic and viewed as a potential threat to both human health and the environment, and plant-origin carotenoids need a prolonged cultivation with unstable production capacity, depending on seasonal and geographic factors. For these reasons, microbial carotenoid production is a promising alternative as it is a natural, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable process. Moreover, microbial systems are easy to manipulate and optimize for the enhanced productivity and quality of products. The aim of the thesis is to optimize the culture media compositions and growth conditions to maximize the microbial carotenoid synthesis using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Throughout this study, the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources were identified from various sources, and optimal growth conditions were defined by separately evaluating their effects on the production of four different carotenoids. Then, the culture media compositions and growth conditions were optimized using RSM, with a ∼5-fold increase in the titers of zeaxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene, and a ∼12-fold increase in astaxanthin titer compared to non-optimized LB medium. In conclusion, this study showed that RSM-based culture media optimization is highly effective for increasing production titer, while reducing experimental effort. It also highlighted the potential of endophytic bacteria as promising microbial hosts for carotenoid production.
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