Otofaji Modülasyonu ve Hedgehog İnhibisyonunun AML Hücre Hatlarının Çoğalması ve Hayatta Kalması Üzerine Etkisi
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2019, 2019
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Akut miyeloid lösemi (AML), translokasyon, delesyon veya insersiyon gibi birçok kromozomal anormallik içeren ve hematopoetik malignite ile sonuçlanan heterojen bir hastalıktır. PI3K / AKT / mTOR, Notch ve Hedgehog yolağı gibi sinyal yollarındaki bozulmalar AML patogenezinde rol oynar. Hedgehog yolağı (Hh) embriyogenez sırasında önemli olan korunmuş bir sinyal yolağıdır. Diğer yolaklarla etkileşime girer ve hücresel bir bozulma ve organel yıkım sürecini oluşturan otofajiyi düzenler. Bazı çalışmalar, otofaji modülasyonunun AML' de bir kaçış mekanizması olarak işlev görebileceğini öne sürmüştür. AML'de otofaji ve Hh rolü göz önüne alındığında, lösemik büyümenin üstesinden gelmek için otofaji ve Hh yolu arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak önemlidir. Dolayısıyla, GANT61 ile Hh inhibisyonunun AML hücre hatları üzerindeki etkisini MTT hücre canlılığı tahlili kullanarak kontrol ettik. GANT61, AML hücre hatlarında bir azalmaya yol açtı. Bundan sonra, otofaji modülasyonunun AML hücre hatları üzerindeki etkisini anlamaya çalıştık ve otofaji inhibitörleri, NH4CI, Chloroquine (CQ), Hydroxychloroquine ve Nocodazole'ün CMK ve MOLM-13 hücre hatlarının çoğalmasında bir azalmaya yol açtığını gördük. Bununla birlikte, bir otofaji aktivatörü olan PP242, AML hücre hatlarının çoğalmasına etki etmedi. Otofaji modülatörlerinin ve GANT61'in kombinasyon tedavisi, MOLM-13 üzerinde sinerjistik bir etkiye sahipti fakat CMK üzerinde değildi. GANT61 tedavisi, AML hücre hatlarında, western blotlama ile tespit edilen LC3II'nin ekspresyonunda bir artışla ilişkili olan otofajiyi arttırmıştır. Ayrıca, nodadazole ve GANT61 ile kombinasyon tedavisi, hem MOLM-13 hem de CMK hücre hatlarında LC3B-II'de artan bir artış göstermiştir. AKT protein ekspresyonu, tedavi tipine ve hücre hattına bağlı olarak değişti. Sonuç olarak Hh ve otofajinin hedeflenmesi, MOLM-13 hücre hattına karşı umut verici bir tedavidir ancak CMK'ya karşı değildir. Anahtar kelimeler: Akut miyeloid lösemi, Hedgehog yolağı, Otofaji
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy which occurs as a result of many chromosomal abnormalities such as translocations, deletions or insertions. Aberrant signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and Hedgehog pathway have a role in the pathogenesis of AML. Hedgehog pathway (Hh) is a conserved signalling pathway that is important during embryogenesis. It crosstalks with other pathways and regulate autophagy, a cellular degradation and organelle turnover process. Several studies suggested that autophagy modulation could act as an escape mechanism in AML. Given the role of autophagy and Hh in AML, understanding the relationship between autophagy and Hh pathway is important to overcome the leukemic growth. Hence, we checked the effect of Hh inhibition using GANT61 on MOLM-13 and CMK cells using MTT cell viability assay. GANT61 led to a decrease in the both MOLM-13 and CMK cells. After that, we sought to understand the effect of autophagy modulation on CMK and MOLM-13 cell lines and we have found that autophagy inhibitors, NH4CI, Chloroquine(CQ), Hydroxychloroquine and Nocodazole lead to a decrease in the proliferation of CMK and MOLM-13 cell lines. However, PP242, an autophagy activator, had no effect on the proliferation of CMK and MOLM-13 cell lines. Combination treatment of autophagy modulators and GANT61 had a synergistic effect on MOLM-13 but not on CMK. GANT61 treatment increased autophagy in AML cell lines that were correlated with an increase in the expression of LC3B-II detected by western blotting. Also, combination treatment with nocodazole and GANT61 elevated that increase in LC3B-II in both MOLM-13 and CMK cell lines. AKT protein expression changed depending on the type of treatment and cell lines. In conclusion, targeting of Hh and autophagy is a promising therapy against MOLM-13 cell line but not against CMK. Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia, Hedgehog pathway, Autophagy
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy which occurs as a result of many chromosomal abnormalities such as translocations, deletions or insertions. Aberrant signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and Hedgehog pathway have a role in the pathogenesis of AML. Hedgehog pathway (Hh) is a conserved signalling pathway that is important during embryogenesis. It crosstalks with other pathways and regulate autophagy, a cellular degradation and organelle turnover process. Several studies suggested that autophagy modulation could act as an escape mechanism in AML. Given the role of autophagy and Hh in AML, understanding the relationship between autophagy and Hh pathway is important to overcome the leukemic growth. Hence, we checked the effect of Hh inhibition using GANT61 on MOLM-13 and CMK cells using MTT cell viability assay. GANT61 led to a decrease in the both MOLM-13 and CMK cells. After that, we sought to understand the effect of autophagy modulation on CMK and MOLM-13 cell lines and we have found that autophagy inhibitors, NH4CI, Chloroquine(CQ), Hydroxychloroquine and Nocodazole lead to a decrease in the proliferation of CMK and MOLM-13 cell lines. However, PP242, an autophagy activator, had no effect on the proliferation of CMK and MOLM-13 cell lines. Combination treatment of autophagy modulators and GANT61 had a synergistic effect on MOLM-13 but not on CMK. GANT61 treatment increased autophagy in AML cell lines that were correlated with an increase in the expression of LC3B-II detected by western blotting. Also, combination treatment with nocodazole and GANT61 elevated that increase in LC3B-II in both MOLM-13 and CMK cell lines. AKT protein expression changed depending on the type of treatment and cell lines. In conclusion, targeting of Hh and autophagy is a promising therapy against MOLM-13 cell line but not against CMK. Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia, Hedgehog pathway, Autophagy
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Moleküler Tıp, Molecular Medicine, Onkoloji, Oncology, Tıbbi Biyoloji, Medical Biology
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96
Sustainable Development Goals
3
GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
