An Ultra-Low Fabric Capacitive Glove for Real-Time Motion Tracking and Human–computer Interaction

Abstract

This study presents the development of a wearable glove system that integrates ultra-low-cost, fabric-based capacitive sensors for motion detection and human–computer interaction. The system combines touch and bend sensors fabricated from commercially available silver-coated fabric and silicone acrylic tape, enabling real-time tracking of finger movements via measurable capacitance changes. The glove translates physical gestures into digital commands, facilitating intuitive control in virtual environments. Experimental evaluation demonstrated stable operation across a wide pressure range (10–200 g, equivalent to 1.25–25 kPa), with an unnormalized sensitivity of ∼0.00504 pF g−1 (∼0.0040 pF kPa−1), corresponding to a normalized sensitivity of ∼0.0067 kPa−1 when referenced to the baseline capacitance (C<inf>0</inf> ≈ 6 pF). The device exhibited high repeatability over 4000 loading cycles, and minimal signal variation (coefficient of variation, CV < 0.005). Integration with a Unity-based interface enabled low-latency gesture tracking in real time. Each sensor was fabricated for less than $0.05 using simple, scalable methods, without nanomaterials or cleanroom processing. Owing to its affordability, fabrication simplicity, and mechanical robustness, the proposed glove system provides a practical and scalable platform for wearable motion tracking, with strong potential in rehabilitation, assistive technologies, and interactive systems. © 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.