Low Velocity Oblique Impact Behavior of Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joints

Abstract

This article addresses the low velocity oblique impact behavior of adhesively bonded single lap joints, and the effects of adherend strength and plastic ductility, impact energy, overlap length and oblique impact angle on the damage initiation and propagation in the adhesive layer. The experimental contact force-time, contact force-central displacement variations, axial separation lengths through the adhesive layer and permanent central deflections of overlap region, adhesive fracture surfaces were evaluated in detail. In the explicit finite element analyses, the adhesive layer was divided into three zones: upper and lower adhesive interfaces and the adhesive layer between these interfaces. The adhesive interfaces were modeled with cohesive zone approach to predict the failure initiation and propagation along both upper and lower adhesive-adherend interfaces, whereas the elastic-plastic material model was implemented for the middle adhesive region between the upper and lower adhesive interfaces. The proposed finite element model predicted reasonably the damage initiation and propagation through the adhesive layer, and the contact force-time/central displacement variations. Especially, the test and analysis results were compared with those of the adhesively bonded single lap joints under a normal transverse impact load. Increasing oblique impact angle resulted in lower peak contact forces, shorter contact durations and earlier damage initiation and propagation through the adhesive layer. The peak contact forces increased, the contact duration decreased with increasing impact energy. The strength and plastic deformation capability of adherend materials also affected the damage initiation and propagation through the adhesive layer as well as the after-impact joint geometry.