Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/5799

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Language: search.filters.language.enSubject: search.filters.subject.Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bilimleri-Bilgisayar Ve Kontrol

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  • Master Thesis
    LTE Ağları için Servis Kalitesi Odaklı Aşağı Yönlü Zamanlama Algoritması: Kenar Kullanıcıları Üzerine İnceleme
    (2016) Uyan, Osman Gökhan; Güngör, Vehbi Çağrı
    4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) en modern kablosuz mobil genişbant teknolojisidir. LTE-A kullanıcıların yüksek bağlantı hızlarına ulaşmalarını sağlar. Bu yüksek hızları sağlayabilmek için OFDM teknolojini kullanır; OFDM sistem kaynaklarını hem frekans hem de zaman alanlarında sunar. Bu kaynakların atanması işi baz istasyonunda çalışan bir zamanlama algoritması tarafından yapılır. Bu tezde, mevcut zamanlama algoritmaları iki şekilde değerlendirilmektedir. Önce algoritmaların performansları çıktı ve adillik yönüyle incelenmektedir. Daha sonra, yeni bir adillik ölçütü sunulmaktadır: QoS-haberdar adillik; sistemin, kullanıcıların bekleme zamanı taleplerine cevap verebildiği ölçüde adil olduğunu varsayar. Yine mevcut algoritmaların performansları bu ölçü ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu metriklere göre özellikle hücre kenar kullanıcılarının elde ettiği çıktıları, sistemin adilliğini ve klasik adilliği artırırken diğer algoritmalarla kıyaslandığında hücre toplam çıktısında çok büyük düşüşe neden olmayan yeni bir algoritma önerilmektedir.
  • Master Thesis
    Gruplama Puanlama Modelleme (G-S-M) ve Geleneksel Özellik Seçim Yaklaşımını Kullanarak İnsan Gastrointestinal Kanser Mikrobiyotalarındaki Potansiyel Taksonomik Biyobelirteçlerin Belirlenmesi
    (2025) Çanakcımaksutoğlu, Beyza; Güngör, Burcu; Yousef, Malik
    Mikrobiyal bolluk değerlerinin analizi, kanser tahmini için bir potansiyel taşır. Bu çalışma, daha önce paralel olarak incelenmemiş bir alan olan hem doku hem de kan örnekleri kullanarak gastrointestinal (GI) kanser hastaları arasında paylaşılan mikrobiyal biyobelirteçleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, baş ve boyun, yemek borusu, mide, kolon ve kolorektal kanserlere odaklanarak kan ve doku örneklerini analiz etti. Dekontaminasyon adımları gerçekleştirilerek, insan olmayan genetik kodlar işlenerek, tür düzeyinde mikroorganizmalar ve bollukları belirlenerek, kanser hastalarından doku ve kan örnekleri toplayan 'Kanser Genom Atlası'ndan TCMA veri seti oluşturuldu. Geleneksel özellik seçimi algoritmaları (CMIM, mRMR, FCBF, IG, XGB ve SKB) yüksek boyutlu özellik alanını daralttı. Sınıflandırma performansı, 100-kat Monte Carlo çapraz doğrulaması olan bir Random Forest kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca, gruplama yöntemi ile özellik boyutunu ve tahmin süresini azaltmak için oluşturulan MicrobiomeGSM modeli, hem kan hem de dokudan türetilen örnekler kullanılarak eğitildi ve MicrobiomeGSM modelinin genelleştirilebilirliği sergilendi. Geleneksel özellik seçimi yöntemleri ve biyolojik veri tabanlı MicrobiomeGSM modellerinin performansları karşılaştırıldı. Gelecekte, ortak biyobelirteç adayları doktorların metastaz olasılığını anlamasına yardımcı olabilir ve tedavi yollarına buna göre karar verilebilir.
  • Master Thesis
    Biyomedikal Varlıklar Arasındaki İlişkilerin Biyomedikal Makaleler Aracılığıyla Keşfedilmesine Dair Bir Sistem Geliştirilmesi
    (2025) Altuner, Osman; Güngör, Burcu; Bakal, Mehmet Gökhan
    Günümüz dünyasında dijitalleşme hızla yayılmaktadır. Bu yayılma, bir yandan hayatımızı kolaylaştırırken diğer yandan büyük miktarda dijital verinin analizi ve işlenmesi gibi yeni zorlukları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu durum özellikle akademik araştırmalar bağlamında belirgindir. Akademik araştırmalar, gelişmiş değerlendirme süreçlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, hastalıklar üzerine yapılan araştırmaların etkili bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi gerektiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hastalıklarla ilgili yayınlar metin analizi yöntemlerine tabi tutulmuş ve ardından verilerin önemli biyomedikal bağlantılarla ilişkilendirilmesini sağlayan bir ağ yapısına dönüştürülmüştür. Amaç, tedavi edici ve sebep verici gibi önemli bağlantılara sahip iki biyomedikal varlığın karmaşık ağ yapısını incelemektir. Bu durumda, manuel arama yöntemleriyle elde edilen varlık ikililerinin gerçek bağlantılar olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Bu çalışma, mevcut bilinen biyomedikal varlıkların bulunmasında sıklıkla zaman alan manuel arama sürecini başarıyla çözmüştür. Ayrıca, bu yöntem sayesinde birden fazla ikili bağlantı örüntüsü aracılığıyla bilinmeyen veya henüz keşfedilmemiş olası yeni ilişkilerin (tedavi edici, sebep verici vb.) keşfedilme potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, çizge analizi, bilgi keşfi ve metin madenciliği gibi tekniklerin bir araya getirilmesi, biyomedikal araştırmalarda potansiyel olarak önemli yeni sonuçların keşfedilmesine yol açmaktadır.
  • Master Thesis
    İnsan Bağırsak Mikrobiyotasından Hastalık Biyobelirteçlerinin Tespiti için Makine Öğrenmesi Temelli Sistem Geliştirilmesi
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Koçak, Ayşegül; Güngör, Burcu; Yousef, Malik
    The human gut microbiota consists of a diverse ecosystem of organisms, encompasses billions of species. Recently developed next-generation sequencing methods have enabled researchers to examine the microbiota in greater detail, leading to new insights into its functions and dysfunctions. This study aims to identify metagenomic biomarkers (Microorganism-Enzyme Pairs) for colorectal cancer (CRC). The tool that we used allows for the analysis of microorganisms and enzymes within the gut microbiota. It achieves this by initially clustering enzymes based on their correlations with species and subsequently utilizing these clustering results to evaluate the ability of groups to differentiate between patient and healthy cohorts. By integrating species and enzymes, it is possible to identify pathogen microorganisms and enzyme clusters, that have the potential to distinguish cases (individuals with CRC) from controls (healthy individuals). The identified enzyme clusters and associated species could potentially act as biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), enabling early diagnosis and more effective treatment. This approach holds promise for further exploration of the gut microbiota and its importance in human health and illness. Keywords: Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
  • Master Thesis
    Tree-net: Biyomedikal Görüntü Segmentasyonu için Tree-net: Darboğaz Özellik Süpervizyonu Kullanılan Yapay Sinir Ağı Modeli
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Demirci, Orhan; Yılmaz, Bülent
    In this thesis, we introduce Tree-NET, a novel approach for medical image segmentation utilizing bottleneck feature supervision. This method enhances traditional segmentation algorithms by keeping supervision between bottleneck features of the network. The primary goal is to improve the model's ability to learn discriminative and robust features while simultaneously reducing computational costs. Bottleneck feature supervision involves compressing the input and label data using Autoencoders and then supervising the bottleneck features with a segmentation network named 'Bridge-Net,' which can be any segmentation model of choice. We applied Tree-NET to two critical medical image segmentation tasks: skin lesion segmentation and polyp segmentation. Our experiments demonstrate significant improvements in segmentation accuracy and efficiency. For instance, the U-NET backboned Tree-NET uses only 154.43 MB for executing and storing the model, which is almost 3.5 times smaller than the original U-Net while having a close number of trainable parameters. In skin lesion segmentation, Tree-NET achieved dice, Intersection-over-Union (IoU), and accuracy scores of 0.893, 0.751, and 0.977 respectively. For polyp segmentation, the scores were 0.856, 0.795, and 0.923 for dice, IoU, and accuracy respectively. Compared to traditional segmentation models, the empirical results show that Tree-NET achieves higher accuracy with reduced training time and computational cost, thus representing a significant advancement in medical image analysis by providing more reliable and efficient tools for clinical applications.
  • Master Thesis
    RNA Etkileşimlerinin İn Silico Analizi
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Orhan, Mehmet Emin; Demirci, Müşerref Duygu Saçar
    Many supervised machine learning models have been developed for the classification and identification of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences. These models play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. During such analyses, positive learning datasets typically consist of known ncRNA examples, some of which may even be confirmed with strong experimental evidence. However, there is no database of validated negative sequences for ncRNA classes or standardized methodologies for generating high quality negative samples. To overcome this challenge, a new method for generating negative data called the NeRNA (Negative RNA) method has been developed in this study. NeRNA generates negative sequences using known ncRNA sequences and their octal representations, similar with frame shift mutations found in biology but without base deletions or insertions. In this thesis, the NeRNA method was tested separately with four different ncRNA datasets, including microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Additionally, a species-specific case study was conducted to demonstrate and compare the performance of the study's miRNA predictions. The results of 1000-fold cross-validation on machine learning algorithms such as Decision Trees, Naive Bayes, Random Forest classifiers, and deep learning algorithms like Multilayer Perceptrons, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Simple Feedforward Neural Networks showed that models developed using datasets generated by NeRNA exhibited significantly high prediction performance. NeRNA has been published as an easy-to-use, updatable, and modifiable KNIME workflow, along with example datasets and required extensions that can be downloaded and utilized. NeRNA is designed specifically as a powerful tool for RNA sequence data analysis.
  • Master Thesis
    Meme Kanseri Histopatoloji Görüntülerinde Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları Kullanarak Tümör Tespiti
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Şahbaz, Zeki; Aksebzeci, Bekir Hakan
    Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women worldwide. Early detection significantly increases the chances of survival and effective treatment, making advancements in diagnostic methodologies crucial. This study aims to improve the detection of tumor cells in breast cancer histopathology images using deep learning and image processing techniques. Significant modifications have been made to the hyperparameters, including the tumor bounding box size, batch size, optimization algorithms, learning rate, and weight decay. These changes focus on determining the best parameters of the Faster R-CNN model. A comprehensive analysis of different parameters was conducted using the Breast Cancer Histopathological Annotation and Diagnosis (BreCaHAD) dataset. The analysis identified the best settings for model performance, shows by improvements in precision, recall, and F-score. Our research contributes to the field of medical image analysis by identifying critical factors that affect the accuracy of tumor detection, contributing to the development of more accurate diagnostic tools.
  • Master Thesis
    Makine Öğrenimi Algoritmalarını Kullanarak Ağ Trafiğini Analiz Etme ve Ağ Tehditlerini Tespit Etme
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Küçükkoç, Abdurrahman; Aydın, Zafer
    As information technologies progress, the possibilities of access to information increase and therefore it becomes difficult to ensure the security of information. Today, with the use of information systems in all areas of life, network threats have also increased. The increase in individual access to and use of the internet has also brought network threats. In addition, the latest developments in information technologies, developing global communication networks, the internet of things aiming to connect all objects with networks, cloud technologies, the spread of mobile internet and the renewal of devices have brought network threats and uncertainties. Network threats increase the security vulnerabilities in the information and communication systems of individuals and organisations day by day. This situation causes systems to malfunction, economic damage and cyber security to be jeopardised. In order to contribute to individuals, institutions and organisations, our thesis aims to protect information systems against network threats, to ensure data confidentiality, integrity and accessibility, to detect network threats in advance and to take measures against these threats. We believe that by analysing heterogeneous network traffic, which includes most network attacks on the Internet, and using machine learning algorithms, we will reach a result close to reality in the detection of network threats. In line with this result, we will be able to take precautions against network threats in information systems and structures
  • Master Thesis
    Koroner Arter Hastalığının Makine Öğrenimi Yaklaşımları ile Teşhisi
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Halıcı, İkram; Güngör, Vehbi Çağrı
    The World Health Organization states that Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) ranks as a primary cause of recorded fatalities. CAD occurs as a result of the blockage of coronary artery vessels, which are located on the surface of the heart and supply the blood that the heart needs. Diagnosing the disease using traditional methods is challenging and requires costly tests. In recent years, the use of machine learning-based methods has increased as an alternative diagnostic approach. However, existing studies in the literature suffer from low detection rates and long training times. Therefore, there is still a need for reliable and low-cost diagnostic methods. In this thesis, a new model, CSA-PSO-ANN, is proposed for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The aim is to reduce the training time of the machine learning model and achieve a higher accuracy in diagnosing the disease. Experiments have been conducted on two publicly available datasets. Parallelization, feature selection, and hyperparameter optimization have been performed to shorten the model's training time. The performance of the model has been compared with well-known machine-learning algorithms and previous studies. The experiments showed that the proposed model effectively diagnoses the disease and outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy and F1 score performance metrics.
  • Master Thesis
    Derin Öğrenme Yöntemleri Kullanarak Dermatoskopik Görüntülerden Otomatik Cilt Kanseri Tespiti ve Sınıflandırılması
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2023) Kalaycı, Serdar; Yılmaz, Bülent
    Early detection of skin cancer is crucial for successful treatment and improved patient outcomes. The most prevalent form of cancer is skin cancer and if left undetected, it can spread and become more difficult to treat. A dangerous and frequently fatal type of skin cancer is melanoma. Regular skin examinations and self-examinations can help identify suspicious moles or lesions, which can then be evaluated by a dermatologist. In addition, advances in technology and artificial intelligence have enabled the development of tools for automated skin cancer screening, providing a convenient and efficient means of early detection. This can lead to more efficient diagnosis, reduced healthcare costs and improved patient care. By evaluating skin lesions from images, deep learning techniques have shown considerable potential in increasing the precision of melanoma detection. By using large datasets and complex neural networks, deep learning algorithms can effectively distinguish between benign and malignant skin lesions with high accuracy. Ensemble of CNN models helps improve the performance and reliability of the classification task. By combining the predictions of multiple CNN models lead to more accurate and robust predictions. In this thesis, for melanoma classification problem, many different data augmentations techniques applied and different convolutional neural networks architectures evaluated, applied vignetting effect filter and hair noise in accordance with the dataset and results of ensemble of the best CNN models are promising. This thesis attempts to produce a reliable model for the classification of melanoma by conducting experiments on two combined publically accessible data sets, ISIC 2019 and ISIC 2020. On the testing sets in our studies, the proposed solution attained 95.75% AUC.