Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/395
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Article Recent Progress in the Beneficiation of Iron-Manganese Ores: An Overview(Pleiades Publishing Ltd, 2025) Top, SonerIron-manganese (Fe-Mn) ores are essential for steelmaking, ferroalloy production, and emerging energy technologies, yet their beneficiation is challenging due to the close association of Fe and Mn oxides and their overlapping physicochemical properties. This review assesses key processing strategies, including gravity separation, magnetic methods, flotation, reduction roasting, and selective reductive leaching. Physical beneficiation offers limited upgrades, being constrained by mineral liberation and ore texture. Reduction roasting with carbonaceous or hydrogen reductants exploits the different reduction stabilities of Fe and Mn oxides, creating magnetic contrasts for effective separation. Hydrometallurgical techniques based on reductive leaching also show strong potential, particularly with biomass-derived or organic reductants, achieving manganese recoveries often above 90-99%. A central focus is the use of Ellingham and Eh-pH diagrams as predictive tools for selective separation. Ellingham diagrams outline the thermodynamic stabilities of Fe and Mn oxides, guiding roasting design, while Eh-pH diagrams describe dissolution behavior under varying acidity and redox conditions, enabling leaching optimization. Integrating these frameworks with experimental evidence demonstrates how thermodynamic and electrochemical principles can improve process selectivity. No single technique universally addresses Fe-Mn beneficiation challenges; instead, hybrid flowsheets combining physical, thermal, and hydrometallurgical routes tailored to ore characteristics are most effective. Future research should prioritize low-carbon and sustainable approaches such as hydrogen roasting, bio-reductant leaching, and zero-waste systems. This review thus provides both a synthesis of current advances and a roadmap for sustainable Fe and Mn resource recovery.Article Citation - Scopus: 2Zeolite Synthesis by Alkali Fusion Method Using Two Different Fly Ashes Derived From Turkish Thermal Power Plants(Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 2020-03-01) Top, S.; Vapur, HüseyinIn this study, Faujasite (Na-LSX) (3.5(Ca0.3)3.5(Na0.6)3.5(Mg0.1)Al7Si17O48 32(H2O)) type zeolites and Ca-Filipsite (CaK0.6Na0.4Si5.2Al2.8O16 6(H2O)) type zeolites were produced from Sugözü Thermal Power Plant and Çatalaǧzi Thermal Power Plant fly ashes by alkali fusion method followed by water leaching, respectively. In these methods, fly ashes and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were mixed in certain proportions and sintered at 600°C in ash furnace. Then, zeolites were obtained from the ground materials after water leaching and solid/liquid separation, respectively. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) analyses were used to characterize the synthesized zeolites. The zeolites synthesized with Sugözü fly ashes in a ratio of 1:2 had 136.93 meq/100 g CEC, whereas the CEC of synthesized zeolite from Çatalaǧzi fly ashes was found to be 247.88 meq/100 g. As a result, zeolites, which can be used as wastewater treatment agent, energy storage material, catalyst and separator, were synthesized by using 2 different Class F fly ash. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 4Separation of Fe and Mn From Manganiferous Iron Ores via Reductive Acid Leaching Followed by Magnetic Separation(Springer, 2019-08-01) Top, S.In this study, a process to separate manganese and iron from manganiferous iron ores by reductive acid leaching followed by magnetic separation was conceived and experimentally tested. In the leaching process, sulfuric acid was used as lixiviant and oxalic acid was used as reductant. The experimental results showed that the manganese and iron separation was optimum when the concentration of the sulfuric acid and oxalic acid were 0.75 M and 30 g/L, respectively, at a temperature of 80 °C, a solid/liquid ratio of 67 g/L, stirring speed of 400 rpm, and leaching duration of 60 min. Under this condition, 90.49% and 6.78% of Mn and Fe were dissolved, respectively, from the ore sample with a size fraction of − 106 μm. It was determined that the leaching of manganese from the ores was a second-order reaction with an activation energy (E<inf>a</inf>) of 53.38 kJ/mol. The leaching residues obtained under the optimum condition were subjected to high-intensity wet magnetic separation tests to recover the remaining iron content. This separation process produced a concentrate containing 56.20% Fe and 1.79% Mn with iron and manganese recoveries of 56.83% and 66.73%, respectively. A magnetic separation test from an unleached ore sample was also carried out as a benchmark. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a magnetic separation process was used to a residue obtained from reductive acid leaching of manganiferous iron ores to recover iron. © 2019, Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Inc.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 13Production of Mixed Rare Earth Oxide Powder From a Thorium Containing Complex Bastnasite Ore(Elsevier, 2021-02) Kursunoglu, Sait; Hussaini, Shokrullah; Top, Soner; Ichlas, Zela Tanlega; Gokcen, Hasan Serkan; Ozsarac, Safak; Kaya, MuammerThe production of mixed rare earth oxide powder from a thorium containing bastnasite ore by sulfuric acid bake water leaching followed by precipitation with oxalic acid and thermal decomposition of the oxalates was investigated. The sulfuric acid baking was performed at 250 degrees C and the optimum baking time was found to be 3 h. Using deionized water as lixiviant, 92.6% La, 86.8% Ce, 86.9% Pr, 82.3% Nd, 95.4% Th and 31% Y were dissolved from the baked ore at 25 degrees C after 30 min of leaching. The effect of solid-to-liquid ratio on the dissolution of the rare earth elements and thorium shows that when the solid ratio in the water increased from 1:10 to 1:3, the dissolution percentage decreased. The final mixed rare earth oxide powder contained 88.54% REO and 6% ThO20 together with small amounts of other impurities. The SEM mapping results revealed that the produced REO has an irregular crystal shape. Based on the experimental results obtained from the current study, a flowsheet was proposed for the production of mixed rare earth oxide powder from a specific complex bastnasite ore. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 13Leaching of Turkish Oxidized Pb-Zn Flotation Tailings by Inorganic and Organic Acids(Springer International Publishing AG, 2020) Kaya, Muammer; Kursunoglu, Sait; Hussaini, Shokrullah; Gul, ErkanAn eco-friendly approach and simultaneous recovery of metals from mine tailings is still a significant challenge. This study investigates the extraction of zinc metal from the Kayseri region oxidized lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) flotation tailings by leaching using three different inorganic acids (HNO3, HCl, and H2SO4) and six different organic acids (citric (CA), oxalic (OA), formic (FA), ascorbic (AA), malic (MA), and tartaric (TA) acids). The effects of acid type and concentration, leaching temperature and time, and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio were studied for maximum Zn dissolution and minimum Pb, Fe, and As co-dissolution at lowest temperature and leaching time. For inorganic acids at 1/10 S/L ratio, 1.0MH(2)SO(4) and HCl concentrations achieved 92% Zn + 0% Pb + 12% Fe at 40 degrees C leaching temperature and 60 min leaching time and 92% Zn + 10% Pb + 0% Fe at 80 degrees C leaching temperature and 30 min leaching time, respectively. For organic acids, at 1/10 S/L ratio and 1.0M concentration, 92% Zn + 8.3% Pb with malic acid at 80 degrees C leaching temperature and 180 min leaching time and 91% Zn + 12% Pb with citric acid at 60 degrees C leaching temperature and 180 min leaching time were achieved. 1.0 M formic acid dissolved about 83% Zn + 2.8% Pb at 80 degrees C and 180 min leaching time. More than 90% Zn dissolution can be succeeded by using either inorganic acids at 40 degrees C for 30-60 min leaching time or organic acids at 60-80 degrees C for 180 min leaching time. Oxalic acid significantly dissolved Fe and As without Zn and Pb dissolution.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Leaching of Yahyali Non-Sulphide Pb-Zn Flotation Tailing Using Organic Acids(Baski, 2019) Hussaini, Shokrullah; Kursunoglu, Sait; Kaya, MuammerThe laboratory scale leaching of Kayseri-Yahyali non-sulphide lead (Pb)-zinc (Zn) flotation tailing using two organic acids was experimentally investigated. The effect of citric and oxalic acid on the dissolution of Zn, Pb, iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) was individually investigated under the following conditions: citric or oxalic acid concentration of 0.5-1.0M, temperature of 60-80°C and leaching time of 30-180 min. at 1/10 solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio. 90.1% Zn dissolution was achieved using 0.5 M citric acid at 80°C leaching temperature for 180 min leaching time. The Fe, Pb and As dissolutions were determined as less than 20% under the conditions tested. 95.5% Fe and 68.8% As were removed from the flotation tailing along with less than 5% of Zn and Pb using 1.0 M oxalic acid for 180 min. leaching time at 60°C leaching temperature. It was found that citric acid is more prominent than oxalic acid for the selective leaching of zinc from the flotation tailing whereas a substantial amount of iron and arsenic removal can be achived by oxalic acid leaching. The use of NaCl along with citric acid was not useful for higher Zn dissolution. Based on the experimental results, an appropriate process will be improved for the selective leaching of valuable metals from the Pb-Zn non-sulphide flotation tailing in the near future. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Dissolution of Mixed Zinc-Carbon and Alkaline Battery Powders in Sulphuric Acid Using Ascorbic/Oxalic Acid as a Reductant(Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 184 Thorn Hill Road Warrendale PA 15086, 2012-03-17) Kaya, Muammer; Kursunoglu, SaitThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ascorbic (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>8</inf>O<inf>6</inf>) / oxalic (C<inf>2</inf>H <inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>) acid as a reductant for the simultaneous recovery of zinc and manganese from a spent and mixed zinc-carbon and alkaline battery powder in sulphuric acid leaching. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, ascorbic/oxalic acid dosages, reaction temperature and leaching time on the zinc and manganese dissolutions were investigated according to 2k full factorial experimental design; then, a simple optimization study was carried out for the best reductant. The optimum reductive acid leaching conditions were determined at 3 hours leaching time, 70°C leaching temperature, 0.5M sulfuric acid concentration, 13 g/L ascorbic acid dosage, 1/20 g/mL solid/liquid ratio and 200 rpm stirring speed. Under these conditions, the dissolution efficiencies were 99.9% for Zn and 99.3% for Mn. When our results were compared with the previous results, our findings were better than previous studies. In addition, the manganese dissolution kinetics was undertaken, and the activation energy was found to be 7.04 kJ/mol. Selective precipitations of Zn and Mn from acid solutions were carried out using NaOH and KOH. Using 3M NaOH as precipitating agent at room temperature and at pH 8; 95.4% of Zn and at pH 10; 93.7% of Mn were precipitated from the leaching solution. Under the same conditions, using 3 M KOH at pH 8; 91.6% of Zn and at pH 10, 96.4% of Mn were precipitated. Based on the experimental results obtained, an appropriate flow sheet was proposed to recover zinc and manganese. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1A Review on the Recovery of High-Grade Critical Metals From Spent Petroleum Catalysts for Meeting the Demands of Industry 5.0(Taylor & Francis inc, 2024-03-22) Taz, Dilara; Ozsarac, Safak; Kursunoglu, Sait; Kursunoglu, Nilufer; Top, Soner; Altiner, MahmutIn solvent extraction studies, various extractants, including TOPO, Alamine 308, TBP, TOA, LIX 84I, LIX 63, and Aliquat 336, were employed for the extraction and separation of vanadium, molybdenum, and cobalt from aqueous solutions of spent petroleum catalysts. Results indicated efficient metal recovery using these extractants. Furthermore, a combination of techniques, such as roasting, chemical or bioleaching, solvent extraction (SX), and precipitation, exhibited promising results in achieving comprehensive metal extraction and separation. Important discoveries have been made in the study of recovering important metals from wasted petroleum catalysts, especially with regard to attaining high metal recovery efficiencies. It is found that the recovery efficiency for manganese is 85%, cobalt is 87%, and nickel is 93%. Furthermore, it shows that this procedure may be carried out with high efficiency, with vanadium recovery surpassing 90% and molybdenum recovery efficiency above 95%. These outcomes signify a significant advancement in the field of metal extraction and separation, aligning with the principles of Industry 5.0 while emphasizing sustainability and efficiency in the production of high-tech materials for the modern era.Article Citation - Scopus: 16Hydrometallurgical Processing of Nickel Laterites- A Brief Overview on the Use of Solvent Extraction and Nickel/Cobalt Project for the Separation and Purification of Nickel and Cobalt;(Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 2019-06-01) Kursunoglu, Sait; Kaya, MuammerIn this study, a brief overview of the solvent extraction (SX) application for the separation and purification of nickel and cobalt in hydrometallurgical processing of laterite nickel ores is presented. This paper consists of two parts: firstly, the SX of nickel and cobalt from sulphate leach solutions is described; and secondly, the development of hydrometallurgical plants for the processing of laterite nickel ores that involve solvent extraction technique is discussed. The most important extractants are shortly given in the first part of the study. It is seen that the extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from the impure leach solution of laterite nickel ores can be performed by either using a single extractant system that is called as a direct solvent extraction (DSX) or a mixture of two or more extractant which is known as a synergistic solvent extraction system (SSX). Mixed sulphide precipitation (MSP) and mixed hydroxide precipitation (MHP) processes are mentioned. This paper is also addressed advantage and disadvantages of each extraction system. It is shown that capital investment expenditure, operational investment expenditure and mineralogical content are the most important factors that can affect the selection of the appropriate hydrometallurgical process for lateritic nickel ore. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Article Manganzı Demir Cevherinden Manganın Çözündürülmesinde Farklı İndirgeme Maddelerinin Etkisi(Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 2022-06-26) Top, S.; Altiner, Mahmut; Kursunoglu, SaitIIn this paper, the manganese extraction from a manganiferous iron ore was investigated using reductive leaching. Various chemicals were used as a reducing agent to leach manganese selectively from the ore in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Firstly, optimum dissolution values were determined for selective manganese dissolution without using a reducing agent. As it was aimed at the selective extraction of manganese from the ore, the reductive leaching tests were conducted by adding the reducing agents under the following optimal parameters: a leaching time of 1 h, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, a temperature of 70°C, a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M where the ore was leached with an extraction ratio of 11.54% Mn and 2.16% Fe. Manganese was dissolved with high efficiencies (up to 97.46%) from the ore by using different organic compounds (tartaric acid (C<inf>4</inf>H<inf>6</inf>O<inf>6</inf>), oxalic acid (C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>), citric acid (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>8</inf>O<inf>7</inf>), glucose (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>12</inf>O<inf>6</inf>), sucrose (C<inf>12</inf>H<inf>22</inf>O<inf>11</inf>), and maleic acid (C<inf>4</inf>H<inf>4</inf>O<inf>4</inf>)) as the reducing agents. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.