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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 260
    Citation - Scopus: 380
    Smart Grid Communication and Information Technologies in the Perspective of Industry 4.0: Opportunities and Challenges
    (Elsevier, 2018-11) Faheem, M.; Shah, S. B. H.; Butt, R. A.; Raza, B.; Anwar, M.; Ashraf, M. W.; Gungor, V. C.
    The fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0 has paved the way for a systematical deployment of the modernized power grid (PG) to manage continuously growing energy demand by integrating renewable energy resources. In the context of Industry 4.0, a smart grid (SG) by employing advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), intelligent information processing (IIP) and future-oriented techniques (FoT) allows energy utilities to monitor and control power generation, transmission and distribution processes in more efficient, flexible, reliable, sustainable, decentralized, secure and economic manners. Despite providing immense opportunities, SG has many challenges in the context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0). To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive presentation on critical smart grid components with international standards and information technologies in the context of Industry 4.0. In addition, this study gives an overview of different smart grid applications, their benefits, characteristics, and requirements. Also, this research investigates and explores different wired and wireless communication technologies used in smart grid with their benefits and characteristics. Finally, this article discusses a number of critical challenges and open issues and future research directions. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Article
    Citation - Scopus: 63
    Energy Efficient and Reliable Data Gathering Using Internet of Software-Defined Mobile Sinks for WSNS-Based Smart Grid Applications
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019-10) Faheem, Muhammed Yasir; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Raza, Basit; Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar; Ngadi, M. A.; Güngör, Vehbi Çağrı
    The smart grid is an emerging concept that introduces innovative ways to handle the power quality and reliability issues for both service provider and consumers. The key aims of the smart grid (SG) in smart cities (SCs) is to preserve a certain level of residents’ life quality and support the entire spectrum of their economic activities. In this paper, we present a novel Energy Efficient and Reliable Data Gathering Routing Protocol (ODGRP) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs)-based smart grid applications. The developed scheme employs a software-defined centralized controller and multiple mobile sinks for energy efficient and reliable data gathering from WSNs in the SG. The extensive simulation results conducted through the EstiNet 9.0 show that the designed scheme outperforms existing approaches and achieves its defined goals for event-driven applications in the SG. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 109
    Citation - Scopus: 129
    Energy Efficient and QoS-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network-Based Smart Grid Applications in the Context of Industry 4.0
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018-07) Faheem, M.; Gungor, V. C.
    Recently, there have been great advances in internet of things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) leading to the fourth industrial revolution in power grid, namely, Smart Grid Industry 4.0 (SGI 4.0). In the Smart Grid Industry 4.0 framework, the WSNs have the potential to improve power grid efficiency by cable replacement, deployment flexibility, and cost reduction. However, the smart grid (SG) environment that the WSNs operate in is very challenging because of equipment noise, dust, heat, electromagnetic interference, multipath effects and fading, which make it difficult for current WSNs to provide reliable communication. For SGI 4.0 to come true, a WSN-based highly reliable communication infrastructure is essential for successful operation of the next-generation electricity power grids. To address this need, in this paper a novel dynamic clustering based energy efficient and quality-of-service (QoS)-aware routing protocol (called EQRP), which is inspired by the real behavior of the bird mating optimization (BMO), has been proposed. The proposed distributed scheme improves network reliability significantly and reduces excessive packets retransmissions for WSN-based SG applications. Performance results show that the proposed protocol has successfully reduced the end-to-end delay and has improved packet delivery ratio, memory utilization, residual energy, and throughput. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 28
    Citation - Scopus: 31
    Capacity and Spectrum-Aware Communication Framework for Wireless Sensor Network-Based Smart Grid Applications
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017-08) Faheem, Muhammad; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri; Cagri Gungor, Vehbi
    Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely recognized as a promising technology for enhancing various aspects of smart grid and realizing the vision of next-generation electric power system in a cost-effective and efficient manner. However, recent field tests show that wireless links in smart grid environments have higher packet error rates and variable link capacity because of dynamic topology changes, obstructions, electromagnetic interference, equipment noise, multipath effects, and fading. To overcome these communication challenges, in this paper, we propose a data capacity-aware channel assignment (DCA) and fish bone routing (FBR) algorithm for WSN-based smart grid applications. The proposed DCA framework deals with the channel scarcities by dynamically switching between different spectrum bands and employs a network for organizing WSN into a highly stable connected hierarchy. In addition, the proposed FBR mechanism provides robust loop free data paths and avoids high transmission cost, excessive end-to-end delay and restricts unnecessary multi-hop data transmission from the source to destination in the network. Thus, it significantly reduces the probability of data packet loss and preserves stable link qualities among sensor nodes for load balancing and prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks in harsh smart grid environments. Comparative performance evaluations show that our proposed schemes outperform the existing communication architectures in terms of data packet delivery, communication delay and energy consumption.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 43
    Citation - Scopus: 54
    CBI4.0: A Cross-Layer Approach for Big Data Gathering for Active Monitoring and Maintenance in the Manufacturing Industry 4.0
    (Elsevier, 2021) Faheem, Muhammad; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Ali, Rashid; Raza, Basit; Ngadi, Md Asri; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri
    Industry 4.0 (I4.0) defines a new paradigm to produce high-quality products at the low cost by reacting quickly and effectively to changing demands in the highly volatile global markets. In Industry 4.0, the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled Wireless Sensors (WSs) in the manufacturing processes, such as equipment, machining, assembly, material handling, inspection, etc., generates a huge volume of data known as Industrial Big Data (IBD). However, the reliable and efficient gathering and transmission of this big data from the source sensors to the floor inspection system for the real-time monitoring of unexpected changes in the production and quality control processes is the biggest challenge for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs). This is because of the harsh nature of the indoor industrial environment that causes high noise, signal fading, multipath effects, heat and electromagnetic interference, which reduces the transmission quality and trigger errors in the IWSNs. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel cross-layer data gathering approach called CBI4.0 for active monitoring and control of manufacturing processes in the Industry 4.0. The key aim of the proposed CBI4.0 scheme is to exploit the multi-channel and multi-radio architecture of the sensor network to guarantee quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as higher data rates, throughput, and low packet loss, corrupted packets, and latency by dynamically switching between different frequency bands in the Multichannel Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs). By performing several simulation experiments through EstiNet 9.0 simulator, the performance of the proposed CBI4.0 scheme is compared against existing studies in the automobile Industry 4.0. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes and is suitable for effective control and monitoring of various events in the automobile Industry 4.0.