Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/395
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Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 15Comparative Analysis of Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for Cybersecurity in the SwaT Dataset(Springer, 2023-07-08) Bozdal, Mehmet; Ileri, Kadir; Ozkahraman, AliThe Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the functionality and efficiency of distributed cyber-physical systems, such as city-wide water treatment systems. However, the increased connectivity also exposes these systems to cybersecurity threats. This research presents a novel approach for securing the Secure Water Treatment (SWaT) dataset using a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model enhanced with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The proposed method outperforms existing methods by achieving 99.68% accuracy and an F1 score of 98.69%. Additionally, the paper explores dimensionality reduction methods, including Autoencoders, Generalized Eigenvalue Decomposition (GED), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The research findings highlight the importance of balancing dimensionality reduction with the need for accurate intrusion detection. It is found that PCA provided better performance compared to the other techniques, as reducing the input dimension by 90.2% resulted in only a 2.8% and 2.6% decrease in the accuracy and F1 score, respectively. This study contributes to the field by addressing the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures in IoT-enabled water treatment systems, while also considering the practical trade-off between dimensionality reduction and intrusion detection accuracy.Article Citation - WoS: 18Citation - Scopus: 19A Deep Ensemble Approach for Long-Term Traffic Flow Prediction(Springer Heidelberg, 2024-01-27) Cini, Nevin; Aydin, ZaferIn the last 50 years, with the growth of cities and increase in the number of vehicles and mobility, traffic has become troublesome. As a result, traffic flow prediction started to attract attention as an important research area. However, despite the extensive literature, traffic flow prediction still remains as an open research problem, specifically for long-term traffic flow prediction. Compared to the models developed for short-term traffic flow prediction, the number of models developed for long-term traffic flow prediction is very few. Based on this shortcoming, in this study, we focus on long-term traffic flow prediction and propose a novel deep ensemble model (DEM). In order to build this ensemble model, first, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network as deep learning models, which formed the base learners. In the next step, we combine the output of these models according to their individual forecasting success. We use another deep learning model to determine the success of the individual models. Our proposed model is a flexible ensemble prediction model that can be updated based on traffic data. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we use a publicly available dataset. Experimental results show that the developed DEM model has a mean square error of 0.06 and a mean absolute error of 0.15 for single-step prediction; it shows that achieves a mean square error of 0.25 and a mean absolute error of 0.32 for multi-step prediction. We compared our proposed model with many models in different categories; individual deep learning models (i.e., LSTM, CNN, GRU), selected traditional machine learning models (i.e., linear regression, decision tree regression, k-nearest-neighbors regression) and other ensemble models such as random-forest regression. These results also support the claim that ensemble learning models perform better than individual models.