Browsing by Author "Gungor, V. Cagri"

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Analysis of Battery-Powered Sensor Node Lifetime for Smart Grid Applications
(IEEE345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2016) Eris, Cigdem; Gungor, V. Cagri; Boluk, Pinar Sarisaray; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Gungor, V. Cagri
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) enable smart grids where sensor nodes monitor and control the important parameters of power grid components. However, energy-aware communication protocols should be developed to extend network lifetime of WSNs in smart grid environments. In this study, the lifetime of wireless sensor nodes has been analyzed for various smart grid environments, such as 500 kV substation, main power control room, and underground network transformer vaults. In addition, the effects of different operation modes of sensor nodes on node lifetime have been reviewed.
Analyzing lifetime of energy harvesting underwater wireless sensor nodes
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA, 2019) Erdem, H. Emre; Gungor, V. Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are utilized to monitor underwater environments that pose many challenges to researchers. One of the key complications of UWSNs is the difficulty of changing node batteries after their energy is depleted. This study aims to diminish the issues related to battery replacement by improving node lifetime. For this goal, three energy harvesting devices (turbine harvester, piezoelectric harvester, and hydrophone harvester) are analyzed to quantitate their impacts on node lifetime. In addition, two different power management schemes (schedule-driven and event-driven power management schemes) are combined with energy harvesters for further lifetime improvement. Performance evaluations via simulations show that energy harvesting methods joined by power management schemes can improve node lifetime substantially when actual conditions of Istanbul Bosporus Strait are considered. In this respect, turbine harvester makes the biggest impact and provides lifetime beyond 2000 days for most cases, while piezoelectric harvester can perform the same only for low duty cycle or event arrival values at short transmission ranges.
Analyzing lifetime of energy harvesting wireless multimedia sensor nodes in industrial environments
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2018) Tekin, Nazli; Erdem, H. Emre; Gungor, V. Cagri; 0000-0002-4275-8544; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Recently, there has been a great demand for multimedia communication using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) in industrial environments thanks to their low cost, flexibility, and rapid deployment. However, WMSNs face a major challenge of limited lifetime due to their limited battery capacity. Compared to regular data transmission, multimedia data transmission causes higher energy consumption because of larger data sizes leading to faster depletion of sensor node's batteries. The objective of this paper is to analytically quantify the impact of different energy harvesting methods based on vibration, indoor solar, and temperature difference as well as Fast-Zonal DCT and BinDCT based image compression methods on the lifetime of Telos and Mica2 sensor nodes deployed in indoor industrial environment. Performance results show that energy harvesting and image compression techniques improve lifetime of Mica2 and Telos motes by 51.8% and 25.8%, respectively when used with proper power management methods. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Channel-aware routing and priority-aware multi-channel scheduling for WSN-based smart grid applications
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND, 2016) Yigit, Melike; Gungor, V. Cagri; Fadel, Etimad; Nassef, Laila; Akkari, Nadine; Akyildiz, Ian F.; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Gungor, V. Cagri
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the most promising solutions for smart grid applications due to advantages, such as their low-cost, different functionalities, and successful adoption to smart grid environments. However, providing quality of service (QoS) requirements of smart grid applications with WSNs is difficult because of the power constraints of sensor nodes and harsh smart grid channel conditions, such as RF interference, noise, multi-path fading and node contentions. To address these communication challenges, in this paper link-quality-aware routing algorithm (LQ-CMST) as well as the priority and channel-aware multi-channel (PCA-MC) scheduling algorithm have been proposed for smart grid applications. Furthermore, the effect of different modulation and encoding schemes on the performance of the proposed algorithms has been evaluated under harsh smart grid channel conditions. Comparative performance evaluations through extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithms significantly reduce communication delay and the choice of encoding and modulation schemes is critical to meet the requirements of envisioned smart grid applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison of QoS-aware single-path vs. multi-path routing protocols for image transmission in wireless multimedia sensor networks
(ELSEVIER, 2014) Macit, Muhammet; Gungor, V. Cagri; Tuna, Gurkan; 0000-0003-0803-8372; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Gungor, V. Cagri
Wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) applications require strong multimedia communication competence. Therefore, in WMSN applications, it is necessary to use specific mechanisms in order to handle multimedia communication challenges and address desired energy efficiency and reliability goals. Nevertheless, the existing communication protocols are not suitable for the communication challenges and the desired goals. In this respect, specific mechanisms for prioritization, link-quality estimation and multi-path selection can be employed by quality of service (QoS)-aware routing protocols to meet the reliability and delay requirements of WMSN applications. In this study a novel approach is proposed to set different reliability values for image packets for image transmission in WMSNs. Using this prioritization, important parts of an image are assigned high priority and take priority during data transmission. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, the performance of single-path and multi-path QoS-aware routing protocols has been investigated for WMSN-based image transmission applications. Specifically, comparative performance analysis of single-path routing and multi-path routing in image transmission have been conducted in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), average delay, reachability, and control overhead. As proven by the results of the performance evaluations in this study, multi-path routing is better than single-path routing in terms of reliability. On the other hand, at high traffic loads, multi-path routing may perform worse in terms of delay due to its associated overhead.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 2014) Hancke, Gerhard P., Jr.; Gungor, V. Cagri; Hancke, Gerhard P., Sr.; 0000-0003-0803-8372; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Güngör, Vehbi Çağrı
The eight papers in this special section focus on industrial wireless sensor networks.
Lifetime Analysis of Energy Harvesting Underwater Wireless Sensor Nodes
(IEEE345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2017) Erdem, H. Emre; Gungor, V. Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
The application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in underwater environments poses various challenges. One of the most important problems is the limited lifetime of underwater sensor nodes. Considering how challenging and costly it is to change the batteries of sensor nodes in underwater environments, energy harvesting methods arc rendered as a promising solution. In this study, the contributions of energy harvesting via turbine and hydrophone harvesters as well as schedule and trigger driven energy management methods on node lifetime have been analyzed. Performance evaluations have been conducted considering real-life conditions, e.g. flow rates, of Istanbul Bosphorus Strait.
Lifetime Analysis of Error Control Schemes on Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Environments
(IEEE, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2019) Tekin, Nazli; Gungor, V. Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Due to the harsh channel conditions of the industrial environment, the data transmission over wireless channel suffers from erroneous packets. The energy consumption of error control schemes is of vital importance for battery-powered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, the performance evaluation of error control schemes namely, Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) in industrial environment in terms of energy efficiency is presented. The impact of the existing error control schemes on the industrial wireless sensor network lifetime is analyzed. A novel Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) framework is developed to maximize network lifetime. Performance results show that utilizing BCH (31,21,5) for Telos at the link layer maximizes the network lifetime while attaining the desired application reliability rate.
Lifetime Analysis of Underwater Wireless Networks Concerning Privacy with Energy Harvesting and Compressive Sensing
(IEEE, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2019) Uyan, O. Gokhan; Gungor, V. Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Elektrik - Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü
Underwater sensor networks (UWSN) are a division of classical wireless sensor networks (WSN), which are designed to accomplish both military and civil operations, such as invasion detection and underwater life monitoring. Underwater sensor nodes operate using the energy provided by integrated limited batteries, and it is a serious challenge to replace the battery under the water especially in harsh conditions with a high number of sensor nodes. Here, energy efficiency confronts as a very important issue. Besides energy efficiency, data privacy is another essential topic since UWSN typically generate delicate sensing data. UWSN can be vulnerable to silent positioning and listening, which is injecting similar adversary nodes into close locations to the network to sniff transmitted data. In this paper, we discuss the usage of compressive sensing (CS) and energy harvesting (EH) to improve the lifetime of the network whilst we suggest a novel encryption decision method to maintain privacy of UWSN. We also deploy a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model to optimize the encryption decision cases which leads to an improved network lifetime.
Mobile Sensor Networks: Theory, Control, Communication, and Computation Issues
(HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA, 2013) Gungor, V. Cagri; Gulez, Kayhan; Kawabata, Kuniaki; Tas, Nazif Cihan; Tuna, Gurkan; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü;
[Özet Yok]
A new efficient error control algorithm for wireless sensor networks in smart grid
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2019) Yigit, Melike; Boluk, Pinar Sarisaray; Gungor, V. Cagri; 0000-0002-1275-792X; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Error detection and correction is an important issue in the design and maintenance of a smart grid communication network to provide reliable communication between sender and receiver. Various error-control coding techniques are employed to reduce bit error rates (BER) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The performance of these techniques is also compared and evaluated to find the most suitable technique for WSNs. This is the first study to compare the most efficient coding techniques in the smart grid environment, and it suggests a new error correction algorithm based on this comparison result. Therefore, this article first examines and compares two forward error control (FEC) coding techniques such as Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem code (BCH) and Reed Solomon code (RS) with various modulation methods including frequency shift keying (FSK), offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK), and differential phase shift keying (DPSK) in a 500 kV line-of-sight (LoS) substation smart grid environment. Second, as a result of this comparison, a new adaptive error control (AEC) algorithm is proposed. Adaptive error control adaptively changes error correction code (ECC) based on the channel behavior that is observed through the packet error rate (PER) in the recent previous transmissions. The link-quality-aware capacitated minimum hop spanning tree (LQ-CMST) algorithm and the multi-channel scheduling algorithm are used for data transmission over the log-normal channel. Therefore, the performance of compared coding techniques and AEC are also evaluated when multiple channels are used during transmission Further, AEC is compared with static RS and without-FEC methods based on performance metrics such as the throughput, BER, and delay in different smart grid environments, e.g., 500 kV Substation (LoS), underground network transformer vaults (UTV) (LoS), and main power control room (MPR) (LoS). Our simulation results indicate that the proposed AEC algorithm achieves better performances than all those techniques.
Operator User Management System Based on the TMF615 Standard
(SPRINGERONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES, 2016) Yigit, Melike; Macit, Muhammed; Gungor, V. Cagri; Kocak, Taskin; Ozhan, Oguz; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Gungor, V. Cagri
Multi-vendor telecommunications networks in a typical service provider environment are managed using multiple proprietary user management systems (UMS), supplied by the operational support system (OSS) vendors. The management of a typical service provider includes communications solutions put into place between the global UMS and the local UMS. Nowadays, in service provider environments OSSs exist that use multi-vendor communications' protocols. In the telecommunications sector, the centralized management of all these different OSSs can cause serious problems for the network operation. In this respect, there is an urgent need for a standardized and centralized provisioning and auditing mechanism for the operators and their entitlements that work on these management systems. To address this need and to provide efficient operations among different service provider network components, this paper outlines the design and development of a TMF615 (Tele Management Forum) standard-based, common communication platform. In this respect, the proposed approach includes a common interface to address communication problems in multi-vendor, service provider environments. The interface and performance evaluations developed are some of the first solutions in this field, and the resulting solutions are converted into a commercial product with a high added value. In this regard, our proposed approach makes an important contribution to scientific literature and commercial applications. The realization of the proposed TMF615 standard-based interface enables the efficient and easy integration of existing and new OSSs of the service providers. In this way, a standardized interface is offered, along with a common communications platform adequate for all different systems. The vendors are thereby only responsible for application development based on specifications, and a standardized communications process is introduced for all related systems. This significantly facilitates the management of service providers, system performance is improved, and a massive cost reduction is provided at the same time. Consequently, the efficient management of network components is provided using a common standardized interface. In this respect, we aim to explain the TMF615 specifications; the evolution of UMS, OSSs and TMF615 with centralized UMS, as well as the implementation and performance evaluation of the TMF615 protocol are all explained in this paper.
Performance Analysis of Different Modulation Schemes for Underwater Acoustic Communications
(IEEE, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2018) Bahcebasi, Akif; Gungor, V. Cagri; Tuna, Gurkan; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Elektrik - Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü
There is an increasing interest in using Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) for various oceanographic applications, such as pollution monitoring, seismic monitoring, environmental data collection, offshore exploration, and tactical surveillance. UASNs rely on acoustic communications; however, the underwater acoustic channel is highly variable and its link quality depends on environmental factors and the locations of the communicating nodes. Therefore, ensuring reliable communication in UASNs is quite difficult. Moreover, path losses and retransmissions lead to the wastage of energy resources and reduce the network lifetime. In this study, we have utilized wellknown underwater modulation schemes to analyse and simulate various underwater scenarios with different depth, distance and Bit Error Rate (BER) values in order to make a fair comparison between the modulation schemes and obtain the optimal transmission power. Performance evaluations show that 32-PSK and 16-QAM techniques achieve the minimum energy consumption rates and enhance network lifetime.
Physical layer authentication for extending battery life
(ELSEVIERRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2021) Ayyildiz, Cem; Cetin, Ramazan; Khodzhaev, Zulfidin; Kocak, Taskin; Soyak, Ece Gelal; Gungor, V. Cagri; Kurt, Gunes Karabulut; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Gungor, V. Cagri
Increasing population density in cities, and the increasing demand for efficiency in resource usage call for architectures enabling smart cities, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). In most such scenarios, the data generated by IoT sensors is not confidential, but its integrity is critical. Data integrity can be achieved by establishing certification mechanisms that provide cryptographic message authentication protocols; however, this requires relatively expensive components for storing and processing the encryption key on the sensor and consumes more power while processing and transmitting data, which leads to the renunciation of security issues in cost sensitive deployments. In this paper, we propose a security solution that provides data integrity without draining the batteries of IoT sensors. Our solution consists of, (i) differentiating legitimate sensors by taking advantage of their impurities formed during the manufacturing process of the transceiver components, and (ii) eliminating the complex components that carry out cryptography as well as the redundant packet header fields, thereby yielding power savings. The testbed implementation of the proposed solution yields power measurement results providing an estimate of 2.52 times improvement in battery life without compromising the integrity of communications in the system, in addition to offering an increase in spectral efficiency and a decrease in the overall IoT device cost.
QoS-Aware Downlink Scheduling Algorithm for LTE Networks: A Case Study on Edge Users
(IEEE345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2017) Gungor, V. Cagri; Uyan, O. Gokhan; 0000-0003-3922-1647; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the state of the art wireless mobile broadband technology. It makes use of the OFDM technology to offer high speed and provides the system resources both in time and frequency domain. A scheduling algorithm running on the base station holds the allocation of these resources. In this paper, the performance of existing downlink scheduling algorithms has been investigated in two ways. First, the performance of the algorithms has been investigated in terms of throughput and fairness metrics. Second, a new quality of service-aware (QoS-aware) fairness criterion, which accepts that the system is fair if it can provide the users with the network traffic speeds that they demand, has been proposed and evaluated. In addition, a novel QoS-aware downlink-scheduling algorithm, which increases the QoS-aware fairness and overall throughput of the edge users, has been proposed.
QoS-Aware MAC protocols utilizing sectored antenna for wireless sensor networks-based smart grid applications
(WILEY111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2017) Yigit, Melike; Incel, Ozlem Durmaz; Baktir, Selcuk; Gungor, V. Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Gungor, V. Cagri
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the most commonly deployed technology in smart grid environments owing to their advantages including low cost and successful adoption in various harsh smart grid environments. However, providing the quality of service (QoS) requirements of smart grid applications with WSNs is difficult because of the power constraints of sensor nodes and unreliable wireless links. In order to meet the QoS requirements of smart grid applications usingWSNs, in this paper, we first propose a QoS-aware omnidirectional antenna-based medium access control (QODA-MAC). Then, in order to investigate the impact of using sectored antennas on meeting QoS requirements, we also propose another QoS-aware four-sectored antenna-based MAC protocol (QFSA-MAC). The aim of the proposed approaches is to increase channel utilization with efficient service differentiation considering traffic flows with different requirements as well as providing reliable and fast delivery of data. We measure the performance of QODA-MAC and QFSA-MAC by making extensive simulations and compare them with each other. The results show that QFSA-MAC outperforms the QODA-MAC protocol and satisfies QoS requirements of smart grid applications by achieving significant improvement in terms of latency, energy consumption and data delivery. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure Health Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks on Structural Elements (vol 82, pg 68, 2019)
(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2020) Ayyildiz, Cem; Erdem, H. Emre; Dirikgil, Tamer; Dugenci, Oguz; Kocak, Taskin; Altun, Fatih; Gungor, V. Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
This paper presents a system that monitors the health of structural elements in Reinforced Concrete (RC), concrete elements and/or masonry buildings and warn the authorities in case of physical damage formation. Such rapid and reliable detection of impairments enables the development of better risk management strategies to prevent casualties in case of earthquake and floods. Piezoelectric (PZT) sensors with lead zirconate titanate material are the preferred sensor type for fracture detection. The developed sensor mote hardware triggers the PZT sensors and collects the responses they gather from the structural elements. It also sends the collected data to a data center for further processing and analysis in an energy-efficient manner utilizing low-power wireless communication technologies. The access and the analysis of the collected data can be remotely performed via a web interface. Performance results show that the fractures serious enough to cause structural problems can be successfully detected with the developed system.
A survey on deployment techniques, localization algorithms, and research challenges for underwater acoustic sensor networks
(WILEY111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJvv, 2017) Tuna, Gurkan; Gungor, V. Cagri; 0000-0002-6466-4696; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted the attention of both the research community and the industry, and this has eventually lead to the widespread use of WSNs in various applications. The significant advancements in WSNs and the advantages brought by WSNs have also enabled the rapid development of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). In UASNs, in addition to deployment, determining the locations of underwater sensor nodes after they have been deployed is important since it plays a critical role in many applications. Various localization techniques have been proposed for UASNs, and each one is suitable for specific scenarios and has unique challenges. In this paper, after presenting an overview of potential UASN applications, a survey of the deployment techniques and localization algorithms for UASNs has been presented based on their major advantages and disadvantages. Finally, research challenges and open research issues of UASNs have been discussed to provide an insight into future research opportunities.
A survey on information security threats and solutions for Machine to Machine (M2M) communications
(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA, 2017) Tuna, Gurkan; Kogias, Dimitrios G.; Gungor, V. Cagri; Gezer, Cengiz; Taskin, Erhan; Ayday, Erman; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü;
Although Machine to Machine (M2M) networks allow the development of new promising applications, the restricted resources of machines and devices in the M2M networks bring several constraints including energy, bandwidth, storage, and computation. Such constraints pose several challenges in the design of M2M networks. Furthermore, some elements that contributed to the rise of M2M applications have caused several new security threats and risks, typically due to the advancements in technology, increasing computing power, declining hardware costs, and freely available software tools. Due to the restricted capabilities of M2M devices, most of the recent research efforts on M2M have focused on computing, resource management, sensing, congestion control and controlling technologies. However, there are few studies on security aspects and there is a need to introduce the threats existing in M2M systems and corresponding solutions. Accordingly, in this paper, after presenting an overview of potential M2M applications, we present a survey of security threats against M2M networks and solutions to prevent or reduce their impact. Then, we investigate security-related challenges and open research issues in M2M networks to provide an insight for future research opportunities. Moreover, we discuss the oneM2M standard, one of the prominent standard initiatives for more secure and smoother M2M networks and the Internet of Things. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A survey on packet size optimization for terrestrial, underwater, underground, and body area sensor networks
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA, 2018) Yigit, Melike; Yildiz, H. Ugur; Kurt, Sinan; Tavli, Bulent; Gungor, V. Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Packet size optimization is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for improving many performance metrics (eg, network lifetime, delay, throughput, and reliability). In WSNs, longer packets may experience higher loss rates due to harsh channel conditions. On the other hand, shorter packets may suffer from greater overhead. Hence, the optimal packet size must be chosen to enhance various performance metrics of WSNs. To this end, many approaches have been proposed to determine the optimum packet size in WSNs. In the literature, packet size optimization studies focus on a specific application or deployment environment. However, there is no comprehensive and recent survey paper that categorizes these different approaches. To address this need, in this paper, recent studies and techniques on data packet size optimization for terrestrial WSNs, underwater WSNs, wireless underground sensor networks, and body area sensor networks are reviewed to motivate the research community to further investigate this promising research area. The main objective of this paper is to provide a better understanding of different packet size optimization approaches used in different types of sensor networks and applications as well as introduce open research issues and challenges in this area.