Browsing by Author "Butt, Rizwan Aslam"

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Ambient Energy Harvesting for Low Powered Wireless Sensor Network based Smart Grid Applications
(IEEE, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2019) Faheem, Muhammad; Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Raza, Basit; Ngadi, Md. Asri; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri; 0000-0003-4907-6359; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Limited battery lifetime is one of the most critical issues for wireless sensor networks (WSNs)-based smart grid (SG) applications. Recently, ambient energy harvesting (AEH) has been considered to significantly improve the network lifetime of the WSNs-based SG applications. However, extracting a significant amount of energy from the ambient energy resource due to time varying links quality affected by power grid environments is the main issue for WSNs-based applications in SG. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-source energy harvesting mechanisms for WSNs-based SG applications. The propose hybrid ambient energy harvesting framework through the designed circuitry successfully harvests massive power density by capturing the radial electric field (EF) and ambient radio frequency WiFi 2.4GHz band signals present in the vicinity of 500kV power grid station. The design energy harvesting schemes have been implemented on the recently developed routing protocol for SG applications. The experiments using EstiNet9.0, demonstrate that the designed framework is efficient in terms of energy harvesting capabilities to enable a long-lasting lifetime of the WSNs-based smart grid applications.
Attack-Aware Dynamic Upstream Bandwidth Assignment Scheme for Passive Optical Network
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023) Butt, Rizwan Aslam; FAHEEM, MUHAMMAD; Ashraf, M. Waqar; Khawaja, Attaullah; Raza, Basit; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Faheem, Muhammed
Network security is an important component of today’s networks to combat the security attacks. The passive optical network (PON) works at the medium access layer (MAC). A distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack may be launched from the network and transport layers of an Optical Network unit (ONU). Although there are various security techniques to mitigate its impact, however, these techniques cannot mitigate the impact on the MAC Layer of the PON and can cause an ONU to continuously drain too much bandwidth. This will result in reduced bandwidth availability to other ONUs and, thus, causing an increase in US delays and delay variance. In this work we argue that the impact of a DDOS attack can be mitigated by improving the Dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) scheme which is used in PON to manage the US bandwidth at the optical line terminal (OLT). The present DBA schemes do not have the capability to combat a security attack. Thus, this study, uses a machine learning approach to learn the ONU traffic demand patterns and presents a security aware DBA (SA-DBA) scheme that detects a rogue (attacker) ONU from its traffic demand pattern and limits its illegitimate bandwidth demand and only allows it the bandwidth assignment to it as per the agreed service level agreement (SLA). The simulation results show that the SA-DBA scheme results in up to 53%, 55% and 90% reduced US delays and up to 84%, 76% and 95% reduced US delay variance of T2, T3 and T4 traffic classes compared to existing insecure DBA schemes.
Big Data acquired by Internet of Things-enabled industrial multichannel wireless sensors networks for active monitoring and control in the smart grid Industry 4.0
(ELSEVIERRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2021) Faheem, Muhammad; Fizza, Ghulam; Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Ngadi, Md. Asri; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Faheem, Muhammad; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri
Smart Grid Industry 4.0 (SGI4.0) defines a new paradigm to provide high-quality electricity at a low cost by reacting quickly and effectively to changing energy demands in the highly volatile global markets. However, in SGI4.0, the reliable and efficient gathering and transmission of the observed information from the Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled Cyberphysical systems, such as sensors located in remote places to the control center is the biggest challenge for the Industrial Multichannel Wireless Sensors Networks (IMWSNs). This is due to the harsh nature of the smart grid environment that causes high noise, signal fading, multipath effects, heat, and electromagnetic interference, which reduces the transmission quality and trigger errors in the IMWSNs. Thus, an efficient monitoring and real-time control of unexpected changes in the power generation and distribution processes is essential to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) re-quirements in the smart grid. In this context, this paper de-scribes the dataset contains measurements acquired by the IMWSNs during events monitoring and control in the smart grid. This work provides an updated detail comparison of our proposed work, including channel detection, channel assign-ment, and packets forwarding algorithms, collectively called CARP [1] with existing G-RPL [2] and EQSHC [3] schemes in the smart grid. The experimental outcomes show that the dataset and is useful for the design, development, testing, and validation of algorithms for real-time events monitoring and control applications in the smart grid. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Big datasets of optical-wireless cyber-physical systems for optimizing manufacturing services in the internet of things-enabled industry 4.0
(ELSEVIER, 2022) Faheem, Muhammad; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; 0000-0003-4628-4486; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Faheem, Muhammad
The Industry 4.0 revolution is aimed to optimize the prod- uct design according to the customers’ demand, quality re- quirements and economic feasibility. Industry 4.0 employs advanced two-way communication technologies for optimiz- ing the manufacturing process to increase the sales of the products and revenues to cope the existing global economy issues. In Industry 4.0, big data obtained from the Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) plays an important role in enhancing the system service per- formance to boost the productivity with enhanced quality of customer experience. This paper presents the big datasets obtained from the Internet of things (IoT)-enabled Optical- Wireless Sensor Networks (OWSNs) for optimizing service systems’ performance in the electronics manufacturing In- dustry 4.0. The updated raw and analyzed big datasets of our published work [3] contain five values namely, data de- livery, latency, congestion, throughput, and packet error rate in OWSNs. The obtained dataset are useful for optimizing the service system performance in the electronics manufacturing Industry 4.0.
CBI4.0: A cross-layer approach for big data gathering for active monitoring and maintenance in the manufacturing industry 4.0
(ELSEVIERRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2021) Faheem, Muhammad; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Ali, Rashid; Raza, Basit; Ngadi, Md Asri; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Faheem, Muhammad; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) defines a new paradigm to produce high-quality products at the low cost by reacting quickly and effectively to changing demands in the highly volatile global markets. In Industry 4.0, the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled Wireless Sensors (WSs) in the manufacturing processes, such as equipment, machining, assembly, material handling, inspection, etc., generates a huge volume of data known as Industrial Big Data (IBD). However, the reliable and efficient gathering and transmission of this big data from the source sensors to the floor inspection system for the real-time monitoring of unexpected changes in the production and quality control processes is the biggest challenge for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs). This is because of the harsh nature of the indoor industrial environment that causes high noise, signal fading, multipath effects, heat and electromagnetic interference, which reduces the transmission quality and trigger errors in the IWSNs. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel cross-layer data gathering approach called CBI4.0 for active monitoring and control of manufacturing processes in the Industry 4.0. The key aim of the proposed CBI4.0 scheme is to exploit the multi-channel and multi-radio architecture of the sensor network to guarantee quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as higher data rates, throughput, and low packet loss, corrupted packets, and latency by dynamically switching between different frequency bands in the Multichannel Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs). By performing several simulation experiments through EstiNet 9.0 simulator, the performance of the proposed CBI4.0 scheme is compared against existing studies in the automobile Industry 4.0. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes and is suitable for effective control and monitoring of various events in the automobile Industry 4.0.
Disaster-resilient lightpath routing in WDM optical networks
(SPRINGER, 2022) Ashraf, M. Waqar; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Faheem, M; Tariq, M.; Munir, Abid; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Faheem, M.
Optical network serves as a core network with huge capacity and a multitude of high-speed data transmission. Natural disasters and physical attacks showed signifcant impacts on the optical networks such as damages the network nodes and optical links. Network survivability attempts to provide uninterrupted services when network component ceases to function or malfunctioned either in the event of a disaster or due to human intervention. In this paper, two polynomial-time algorithms have been proposed to select an optimal pair of link-disjoint lightpaths between two network nodes such that (1) their minimum spatial distance (MSD) is maximized, and (2) the path length of the primary lightpath is minimized such that backup lightpath has some particular MSD from the primary lightpath while disregarding safe regions around the source and destination nodes. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that, in case of disaster event, the frst algorithm (DPMMSD) computes the backup path with maximum survivability in case of multiple link failures of spatially close nodes, whereas second algorithm (CMMSD) computes the shortest backup lightpath while adhering to the target survivability requirements. DPMMSD, CMMSD and the benchmark EKSP enables the evaluation and comparison of the performance. EKSP computes more pairs hence takes more computing time whereas DPMMSD and CMMSD modestly discard the computation of self and repeating pairs, enabling quick computations
Disaster-Resilient Optical Network Survivability: A Comprehensive Survey
(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2018) Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar; Idrus, Sevia M.; Iqbal, Farabi; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Faheem, Muhammad; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü;
Network survivability endeavors to ensure the uninterrupted provisioning of services by the network operators in case of a disaster event. Studies and news reports show that network failures caused by physical attacks and natural disasters have significant impacts on the optical networks. Such network failures may lead to a section of a network to cease to function, resulting in non-availability of services and may increase the congestion within the rest of the network. Therefore, fault tolerant and disaster-resilient optical networks have grasped the attention of the research community and have been a critical concern in network studies during the last decade. Several studies on protection and restoration techniques have been conducted to address the network component failures. This study reviews related previous research studies to critically discuss the issues regarding protection, restoration, cascading failures, disaster-based failures, and congestion-aware routing. We have also focused on the problem of simultaneous cascading failures (which may disturb the data traffic within a layer or disrupt the services at upper layers) along with their mitigating techniques, and disaster-aware network survivability. Since traffic floods and network congestion are pertinent problems, they have therefore been discussed in a separate section. In the end, we have highlighted some open issues in the disaster-resilient network survivability for research challenges and discussed them along with their possible solutions.
Enhanced Energy Savings with Adaptive Watchful Sleep Mode for Next Generation Passive Optical Network
(MDPI, 2022) Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Akhunzada, Adnan; Faheem, Muhammad; Raza, Basit; 0000-0002-4784-0918; 0000-0001-8370-9290; 0000-0001-6711-2363; 0000-0003-4628-4486; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Faheem, Muhammad
A single watchful sleep mode (WSM) combines the features of both cyclic sleep mode (CSM) and cyclic doze mode (CDM) in a single process by periodically turning ON and OFF the optical receiver (RX) of the optical network terminal (ONT) in a symmetric manner. This results in almost the same energy savings for the ONTs as achieved by the CSM process while significantly reducing the upstream delays. However, in this study we argue that the periodic ON and OFF periods of the ONT RX is not an energy efficient approach, as it reduces the ONT Asleep (AS) state time. Instead, this study proposes an adaptive watchful sleep mode (AWSM) in which the RX ON time of ONT is minimized during ONT Watch state by choosing it according to the length of the traffic queue of the type 1 (T1) traffic class. The performance of AWSM is compared with standard WSM and CSM schemes. The investigation reveals that by minimizing the RX ON time, the AWSM scheme achieves up to 71% average energy saving per ONT at low traffic loads. The comparative study results show that the ONT energy savings achieved by AWSM are 9% higher than the symmetric WSM with almost the same delay and delay variance performance.
FFRP: Dynamic Firefly Mating Optimization Inspired Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Internet of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA, 2020) Faheem, Muhammad; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Raza, Basit; Alquhayz, Hani; Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar; Raza, Saleem; Bin Ngadi, Md Asri; 0000-0003-1591-7041; 0000-0003-4907-6359; 0000-0002-4784-0918; 0000-0003-4628-4486; 0000-0001-6711-2363; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Energy-efficient and reliable data gathering using highly stable links in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is challenging because of time and location-dependent communication characteristics of the acoustic channel. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic firefly mating optimization inspired routing scheme called FFRP for the internet of UWSNs-based events monitoring applications. The proposed FFRP scheme during the events data gathering employs a self-learning based dynamic firefly mating optimization intelligence to find the highly stable and reliable routing paths to route packets around connectivity voids and shadow zones in UWSNs. The proposed scheme during conveying information minimizes the high energy consumption and latency issues by balancing the data traffic load evenly in a large-scale network. In additions, the data transmission over highly stable links between acoustic nodes increases the overall packets delivery ratio and network throughput in UWSNs. Several simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme against the existing schemes through NS2 and AquaSim 2.0 in UWSNs. The experimental outcomes show the better performance of the developed protocol in terms of high packets delivery ratio (PDR) and network throughput (NT) with low latency and energy consumption (EC) compared to existing routing protocols in UWSNs.
A multi-channel distributed routing scheme for smart grid real-time critical event monitoring applications in the perspective of Industry 4.0
(INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD, WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, 2019) Faheem, Muhammad; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Raza, Basit; Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar; Ngadi, Md A.); Gungor, Vehbi Cagri; 0000-0003-4907-6359; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Recently, the 4th industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0 has paved way for a systematical deployment of the modernised power grid to fulfil the continuously growing energy demand of the 21st century. This paper proposes a novel channel-aware distributed routing protocol named CARP for CRSNs-based SG applications. In CARP, the proposed cooperative channel assignment mechanism significantly improves the detection reliability and mitigates the noise and congested spectrum bands resulting in reliable and high capacity links for CRSNs-based SG applications. Moreover, to support higher capacity data requirements and to maximise the spectrum utilisation, the proposed multi-hop routing mechanism selects a secondary user relay node rich in spectrum information with longer ideal probability at low interference in the network. The extensive simulation results conducted through EstiNet9.0 reveal that the proposed scheme achieves its defined goals compared to existing routing schemes designed for CRSNs-based applications.
QoSRP: A Cross-Layer QoS Channel-Aware Routing Protocol for the Internet of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2019) Faheem, Muhammad; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Raza, Basit; Alquhayz, Hani; Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar; Shah, Syed Bilal; Ngadi, Md Asri; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü;
Quality of service (QoS)-aware data gathering in static-channel based underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is severely limited due to location and time-dependent acoustic channel communication characteristics. This paper proposes a novel cross-layer QoS-aware multichannel routing protocol called QoSRP for the internet of UWSNs-based time-critical marine monitoring applications. The proposed QoSRP scheme considers the unique characteristics of the acoustic communication in highly dynamic network topology during gathering and relaying events data towards the sink. The proposed QoSRP scheme during the time-critical events data-gathering process employs three basic mechanisms, namely underwater channel detection (UWCD), underwater channel assignment (UWCA) and underwater packets forwarding (UWPF). The UWCD mechanism finds the vacant channels with a high probability of detection and low probability of missed detection and false alarms. The UWCA scheme assigns high data rates channels to acoustic sensor nodes (ASNs) with longer idle probability in a robust manner. Lastly, the UWPF mechanism during conveying information avoids congestion, data path loops and balances the data traffic load in UWSNs. The QoSRP scheme is validated through extensive simulations conducted by NS2 and AquaSim 2.0 in underwater environments (UWEs). The simulation results reveal that the QoSRP protocol performs better compared to existing routing schemes in UWSNs.
Sleep assistive dynamic bandwidth assignment scheme for passive optical network (PON)
(SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA, 2018) Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Faheem, M.; Ashraf, M. Waqar; Idrus, Sevia M.; 0000-0002-4784-0918; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
In passive optical network (PON), in addition to efficient bandwidth management, a dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) scheme can also enhance the energy efficiency performance of the optical networks units (ONUs) during sleep mode. A few such green DBA schemes have been proposed in literature for EPON, however, ITU compliant PONs have not got attention. In this study, the role of a DBA scheme during the cyclic sleep mode for XGPON has been investigated. A sleep assistive (SA)-DBA scheme is proposed that not only improves the energy saving performance of cyclic sleep mode but also reduces the upstream delays and variance for all the type-2 (T2), type-3 (T3) and type-4 (T4) traffic classes. Although, the upstream delay of type-1 (T1) traffic class slightly increases, the average upstream delay of all the traffic classes remains below the set target delay limit of 56ms.
Sleep-aware wavelength and bandwidth assignment scheme for TWDM PON
(SPRINGERVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 2021) Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Faheem, Muhammad; Ashraf, M. Waqar; Arfeen, Asad; Memon, Kamran Ali; Khawaja, Attaullah; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Ashraf, M. Waqar
The energy efficiency and delay performance of PON are two inversely related phenomena. Higher sleep time of the Optical Network Units (ONUs) results in higher upstream (US) delays due to increased traffic queues during the ONU Asleep state. Although an efficient dynamic bandwidth and wavelength assignment (DWBA) scheme can decrease US delays by minimizing the bandwidth waste and improving the fairness of bandwidth distribution among the ONUs. However, the conventional DWBA schemes are not designed to work with cyclic sleep mode (CSM) and they keep on assigning bandwidth to ONUs even if the ONU is in Asleep state leading to wastage of bandwidth and degraded CSM performance. Therefore, in this work a sleep aware DWBA scheme for TWDM PON is presented to coordinate with CSM mode. It only assign bandwidth to Active ONUs during the guaranteed phase, surplus phase and excess phase allocation phases which minimizes the bandwidth waste and the bandwidth lost at the ONU end. The wavelength switching process is also improved by only considering the Active state ONUs to balance the traffic load on all the wavelengths. The simulation results support our claim as the SA-DWBA scheme on average achieves DWBA schemes due to up to 50% to 65% higher energy savings compared to other due to longer ONU Asleep times. However, the increased upstream delays of all the traffic classes in SA-DWBA scheme remain within the set delay limit of 50 ms.
Software Defined Communication Framework for Smart Grid to Meet Energy Demands in Smart Cities
(IEEE, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 01.01.2019) Faheem, Muhammad; Umar, Muhammad; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Raza, Basit; Ngadi, Md. Asri; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri; 0000-0003-4907-6359; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
In smart cities, the electricity is an essential component since it preserves a certain level of residents' life quality and provisions the entire spectrum of their economic activities. Thus, a smart way is essential to develop cities without disregarding energy issues. In this scope, the smart grid paradigm offers power supply in an efficient, sustainable and economical manner with minimal impact on the environment and can meet the future energy demands. However, real-time monitoring and control of the smart grid (SG) for continuous and quality-aware power supply in smart cities (SCs) is challenging and requires an advanced quality of service (QoS)-aware communication framework. In this context, this research aims to present a novel data-gathering scheme by using the Internet of software-defined mobile sinks (SDMSs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the smart grid. The extensive simulation results conducted through the EstiNet9.0 indicate that the designed scheme outperforms existing approaches and achieves its defined goals for events-drive applications in the SG.
Traffic aware cyclic sleep-based power consumption model for a passive optical network
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2022) Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Faheem, Muhammad; Anwar, Muhammad; Mohammadani, Khalid H.; Idrus, Sevia M.; 0000-0003-4628-4486; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Faheem, Muhammad
For a network, a power consumption model is an important tool to test the performance of a network process for different traffic loads. In a Passive optical network (PON), the optical network unit (ONU) is responsible for the major power consumption of PON. Both IEEE and ITU have standardized a cyclic sleep process (CSP) for ONU energy conservation. In next-generation PON; TWDM and XGS PON, the ONU power contribution has increased further due to higher number of ONUs and ONU being tunable. Therefore, an accurate power consumption model of the CSP process for energy efficiency studies under different traffic conditions is of prime importance. The existing CSP power consumption models do not depict the CSP process accurately especially the inactivity of the ONU in the asleep and sleep aware states are not taken into account which reduce the accuracy of the model. The proposed inactivity aware model (IAM) overcomes these gaps and very accurately models the CSP process, as evident from the results, which are better than earlier model results and quite close to earlier published simulation results. The model is also validated through a simulation-based study and the simulation results are observed to be very close to the model results with only a 5% deviation.
Traffic-Adaptive Inter Wavelength Load Balancing for TWDM PON
(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA, 2020) Memon, Kamran Ali; Zhang, Qi; Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Mohammadani, Khalid Hussain; Faheem, Muhammad; ul Ain, Noor; Tian, Feng; Xin, Xiangjun; 0000-0003-4628-4486; 0000-0003-1353-2586; 0000-0002-7640-9772; 0000-0002-4784-0918; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
This study presents a dynamic inter wavelength migration scheme for the optical network units (ONUs) employing linear regression machine learning method to equalize the traffic volume on all the wavelengths in time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM PON). The proposed traffic-adaptive wavelength and bandwidth assignment (TA-WBA) scheme not only decreases upstream traffic delays but also offers 2.3% and 30% less delay on the wavelengths balancing the excessive load and 7% less upstream bandwidth waste, when evaluated against other load-balancing scheme.