Psikoloji Bölümü

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/833

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Anhedonia in Relation to Reward and Effort Learning in Young People with Depression Symptoms
(MDPI, 2023) Frey, Anna-Lena; Kaya, M. Siyabend; Adeniyi, Irina; McCabe, Ciara; 0000-0001-9614-249X; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Kaya, M. Siyabend
Anhedonia, a central depression symptom, is associated with impairments in reward processing. However, it is not well understood which sub-components of reward processing (anticipation, motivation, consummation, and learning) are impaired in association with anhedonia in depression. In particular, it is unclear how learning about different rewards and the effort needed to obtain them might be associated with anhedonia and depression symptoms. Therefore, we examined learning in young people (N = 132, mean age 20, range 17–25 yrs.) with a range of depression and anhedonia symptoms using a probabilistic instrumental learning task. The task required participants to learn which options to choose to maximize their reward outcomes across three conditions (chocolate taste, puppy images, or money) and to minimize the physical effort required to obtain the rewards. Additionally, we collected questionnaire measures of anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, as well as subjective reports of “liking”, “wanting” and “willingness to exert effort” for the rewards used in the task. We found that as anticipatory anhedonia increased, subjective liking and wanting of rewards decreased. Moreover, higher anticipatory anhedonia was significantly associated with lower reward learning accuracy, and participants demonstrated significantly higher reward learning than effort learning accuracy. To our knowledge, this is the first study observing an association of anhedonia with reward liking, wanting, and learning when reward and effort learning are measured simultaneously. Our findings suggest an impaired ability to learn from rewarding outcomes could contribute to anhedonia in young people. Future longitudinal research is needed to confirm this and reveal the specific aspects of reward learning that predict anhedonia. These aspects could then be targeted by novel anhedonia interventions.
Barriers and facilitators to university access in disadvantaged UK adolescents by ethnicity: a qualitative study
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, 2022) Kaya, Munire Sena; Keast, Kevin; Mccabe, Carla; 0000-0001-8704-3473; 0000-0001-9614-249X; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Kaya, Munire Sena
Increasing access to university for those currently under-represented is a UK government priority. Understanding the views of under-represented students can help direct widening participation activities. In recent years, a positive trend finds increasing numbers of Black students attending university, but it is not clear why White disadvantaged student numbers have not increased. Thus, we aimed to explore the student viewpoint on barriers and facilitators to university access in disadvantaged adolescents and how this might differ by ethnicity. We used an online semi-structured interview with questions about applying to university. Seventy adolescents (mean 16.9 yr.) were recruited who are currently under-represented at university level, based on various measures of disadvantage. Black, Asian, and ethnic minority students (BAME) reported similar barriers and facilitators to applying to university as White disadvantaged students. However, there were some differences, for example, BAME participants stated ‘having no choice’ was a reason to apply to university while White participants did not mention this. Also ~60% of BAME students said they would prefer to study close by compared to far away, while only 46% of White participants said this. Our results support previous findings that financial issues are a key barrier to university access and that outreach activities can act as facilitators to increase university access. However, we compare the unique viewpoints on the barriers and facilitators to university access in Black, Asian and White under-represented students. Based on these views we also make recommendations for future widening participation events targeted at different ethnicities.
Effects of COVID-19 on Adolescent Mental Health and Internet Use by Ethnicity and Gender: A Mixed-Method Study
(MDPIST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2022) Kaya, M. Siyabend; McCabe, Ciara; 0000-0001-8704-3473; 0000-0001-9614-249X; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Kaya, M. Siyabend
Evidence suggests that mental health problems in young people have been exacerbated by COVID-19, possibly related to a lack of social connection. Young people report using the internet for connecting with their peers and mental health support. However, how they may have used the internet for support during COVID-19 is not clear. We wanted to know how mood and internet use may have changed in young people during COVID-19 and if this was different for those with and without depression symptoms. 108 adolescents were recruited. Participants with high and low levels of depressive symptomatology answered questions about their mood, internet use, loneliness and life satisfaction during July and August 2020. We found that the high depression group reported significantly more loneliness and less life satisfaction than the low depression group. We found that most young people used the internet for mental health information during COVID-19 but that the high depression group used the internet more for mental health information than the low depression group. The high depression group also had a worsening of mood compared to the low depression group during COVID-19. We found that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic participants reported increased use of the internet compared to White participants during COVID-19 and that the role of the family facilitated coping during COVID-19 for some adolescents, but for others, it made the lockdown more difficult. Finally, we found that adolescents perceived school anxiety as stressful as COVID-19. To conclude this study supports the use of the internet as a way to help young people with mental health challenges. It also suggests that the internet is a way to help young people from ethnic minorities, who otherwise might be hard to reach, during challenging times. This study also shows that supportive family units can be important during times of stress for young people and that school anxiety is a major issue for young people in today’s society even outside of the pandemic.
Psikoloji ve Edebiyat: Gelişim Psikolojisi Perspektifinden Yaşlılık Döneminin Bir Edebi Eser Üzerinden Analizi
(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, 2024) KAYA, MEHMET SİYABEND; 0000-0001-9614-249X; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; KAYA, MEHMET SİYABEND
Ülkemizde gelişim dönemleriyle ilgili yapılan çalışmaların yaygınlığına bakıldığında, “yaşlılık” döneminin yeterince ele alınmadığı, bununla birlikte geriatri, psikoloji, psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik, sosyal çalışma gibi bilim dallarında yaşlılık ile ilgili çalışmaların yürütülmeye başlandığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca burada sözü edilen yaşam dönemlerinin yalnızca bilime değil edebiyata da konu olmaya başladığı dikkat çekmektedir. Edebi eserlerin analiz edilmesinde psikoloji biliminin önemi düşünüldüğünde, lisans öğrencilerinin yetişmesinde öğrencilerin dikkatini romanların psikolojik tahliline çekmenin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu araştırmanın temel amacı, edebi eserlerin temelde psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik, psikoloji ve sosyal hizmet gibi bilim dallarında özelde ise “gelişim psikolojisi”, “yaşlılık psikolojisi” ve “yaşam dönemleri ve uyum problemleri” gibi derslerde nasıl kullanılabileceğine ilişkin bir model sunmaktır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirebilmenin en uygun yollarından biri ise nitel bir araştırma yöntemi olan “doküman analizi” yöntemini kullanmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada Fransız yazar Jean-Louis Fournier’in (2012) “Son Siyah Saçım ve İhtiyar Delikanlılara Bazı Öğütler” isimli eserin Türkçe çevirisi doküman olarak kabul edilmiştir ve içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmanın yukarıda sözü edilen derslerin öğretiminde etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
The Use of Dynamic Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (DCBT) in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): A Theoretical Integration Initiative
(MDPIST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2022) Kaya, M. Siyabend; 0000-0001-9614-249X; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Kaya, M. Siyabend
Psychotherapy theorists can often become fervent advocates of the schools they follow and place the doctrines of the theories they adopt above all else. This situation can sometimes turn into a war of theories between researchers as well. However, therapists should not aim to shape therapy sessions according to their methods but to use them in line with clients’ needs. Although it is emphasised that the integration of both psychoanalytic and cognitive behavioural therapy techniques, which is going to be named dynamic cognitive behavioural therapy (DCBT) in this case report, will provide more effective and permanent treatment, a discernible gap exists regarding the integration of these theories and their use in psychotherapy. Taking into account this gap, it is considered important to use this approach with a client who has a social anxiety disorder (SAD). Therefore, this study aims to describe the almost forgotten DCBT approach step by step through a case report and reveal the effectiveness of this approach. As a result, DCBT seems to be effective in the treatment of SAD.

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