Psikoloji Bölümü

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/833

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Beyond counting the correct responses: Metacognitive monitoring and score estimations in mathematics
(WILEY111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2022) Basokcu, Tahsin Oguz; 0000-0001-5828-1237; 0000-0002-4821-0045; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Guzel, Mehmet Akif
This study investigated how well students differentiate their responses' accuracies (metacognitive monitoring) and estimate their test scores beyond counting—and counting on—the number of correct responses alone. Monitoring abilities of 2832 sixth‐graders (1410 male and 1422 female native in Turkish) at an 11‐item Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)‐equivalent mathematics test were measured via response‐contingent Type‐2 signal detection theory. The students also made score estimations right before and immediately after completing the test (pre‐ and posttest estimations, respectively). Although high‐scoring students underestimated and low‐scoring ones overestimated how they would perform in the test, high‐scorers were accurate in their posttest estimations unlike the low‐scoring group, where the lattaer retained their overestimation tendencies. Having better monitoring performance, the high‐scoring group could subsequently calibrate their posttest estimations. Additional assessment methods such as measuring monitoring and score estimations seem to have the potential to reveal how mathematics students behave before, during, and after responding.
Differences in the Self: Clinical Individuals Have Less Individuation and Promotion, but More Prevention
(HOGREFE AG-HOGREFE AG SUISSE, 2023) Yalcindag, Bilge; 0000-0001-7867-7845; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Yalcindag, Bilge
This research aimed to compare two samples (clinical and university) in terms of basic self-orientations and self-regulation strategies. We expected lower scores on basic self-orientations and promotion, and higher scores on prevention in the clinical sample. The balanced model of self claims that the flourishing of basic self-orientations (individuation and relatedness) is related to better psychological functioning. However, this claim was never tested in a clinical sample. Additionally, the regulatory focus theory, a theory of self-regulation, claims that to reach desired end states, individuals use two systems: promotion (advancement, accomplishment) and prevention (conservation, security). Individuals with psychopathology symptoms may use promotion less and prevention more. The clinical sample consisted of 91 people (55 females, 36 males) who were under a psychological/psychiatric treatment due to various mental health complaints (Mage=29.3, SD=5.95, Range=18-42). Most of them had at least university degrees (69%). The second sample consisted of 94 university students (63 females, 30 males; Mage=23.9, SD=2.22, Range=22-34). The first MANCOVA, comparing clinical vs. university samples on individuation and relatedness controlling for age and gender, revealed a group effect (F(2,171)=4.751, p=.01, Wilks’ Lambda=0.95, partial η2=.53). Individuation was lower in clinical sample (M=4.90) than university sample (M=5.29). The second MANCOVA showed a group effect on the promotion and prevention (F(2,171)=13.574, p=.000, Wilks’ Lambda=0.86, partial η2=0.14). Promotion was lower in clinical sample (M=19.74) than in university sample (M=22.37), however prevention was higher (M=17.52) than university sample (M=15.56). The psychological symptoms varied in clinical sample, and were not assessed in university sample. Individuals in clinical sample were less likely to have an individuated self, to regulate themselves with promotion, but more likely to regulate themselves with prevention. Researchers and clinicians should work on thwarted self-orientations and dysfunctional self-regulation strategies.
Gelişimsel Krize Müdahalede Kısa-Yoğun-Acil Psikoterapinin Kullanımı: Bir Olgu Sunumu
(2021) KAYA M. Siyabend; Taşkın YILDIRIM; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; KAYA, M. Siyabend
Yaşam dönemleri düşünüldüğünde, gelişimsel krizlerin bireyleri etkilemesi beklendiktir. Buna rağmen, gelişimsel krizlere zamanında ve etkili şekilde müdahalede bulunulmazsa, üstesinden gelinmesi daha zor krizlere dönüşebilmektedir. Bu nedenle zaman zaman sorun yaşayan bireyler, yaşadıkları sorunları çözmek için profesyonel bir destek aramaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; depresyon, yas ve travmatik sorunlarda başarıyla kullanılan dinamik yönelimli kısa – yoğun – acil psikoterapi uygulamasını, gelişimsel kriz yaşayan bir üniversite öğrencisinin sorunu üzerinden betimlemektir. Bu çalışmada psikoterapi araştırmaları için önem arz eden bir yöntem olan vaka çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, psikoterapi almaya gönüllü bir üniversite öğrencisi ile dokuz oturumluk kısa – yoğun – acil psikoterapi uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Danışana Semptom Tarama Listesi (SCL–90 R), Hacettepe Kişilik Envanteri (HKE), Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Beier Cümle Tamamlama Testi B Formu öntest – sontest – izleme testi olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçme araçları psikoterapi sürecine dair nicel verileri ortaya koyarken, anamnestik görüşmeler ve terapi oturumları sürece dair nitel verileri ortaya koymuştur. Ardından bu veriler nitel içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu terapi yönteminin, danışanın sorunlarının çözümünde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Knowledge about others' knowledge: how accurately do teachers estimate their students' test scores?
(SPRINGER, 2023) Guzel, Mehmet Akif; Basokcu, Tahsin Oguz; 0000-0001-5828-1237; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Guzel, Mehmet Akif
Besides learners' awareness of their knowledge, a growing number of studies also emphasise the importance of teachers' awareness of how well their students perform to adjust their teaching strategies accordingly. Therefore, proposing a multi-layered metacognitive regulatory model in teaching first, we investigated whether estimation type, item difficulty, and class performance affect teachers' judgment accuracies ([JAs], i.e., score estimations). Teachers (N=38) of 86 classes made item-by-item and overall estimations of their classes' test scores (N=2608 sixth-graders native in Turkish) at a PISA-equivalent mathematics test that was developed in the earliest phase of the current long-term research project. The results showed that teachers' item-by-item estimations were below their classes' actual performance, unlike their overall estimations. Teachers of low-performance classes were less accurate than those of high-performance classes. These teachers also showed the clearest underestimation for the easy questions, whereas teachers of high-performance classes overestimated their classes' scores for the difficult questions. This dissociation implied that the teachers 'must have' primarily used their perceptions about their classes (e.g., classes' existing performance) as a mnemonic judgment cue rather than item difficulty as an external cue when making their score estimations. The implications of the results were discussed in the light of existing literature and suggestions for prospective research were given.
Polarisation over the meaning of democracy: The case of political parties in Turkey
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Akboga, Sema; Sahin, Osman; Arik, Engin; 0000-0002-0981-257X; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Arik, Engin
As the primary means of political organisation, political parties remain vital to contemporary democracies, making it important to investigate their understanding of democracy. This study explores the themes with which five largest political parties in Turkey associate democracy. We studied tweets posted by official accounts of these parties’ headquarters and branches, as well as by other Twitter accounts that are institutionally linked to these parties. We found significant differences between the government bloc and the opposition bloc as well as between People Alliance and Nation Alliance in terms of the themes with which they associate democracy. The government bloc and People Alliance use themes such as national will and military coups while referring to democracy. The opposition bloc and Nation Alliance emphasise themes such as equality, freedom of the press, and justice. We conclude that parties’ and blocs’ different attitudes towards democracy are indicators of political polarisation in Turkey.
What Does the Bibliometrics of an Interdisciplinary Field Tell Us?: The Case of Cognitive Science
(Seoul National University, Institute for Cognitive Science, 2023) Arik, Beril T.; Arik, Engin; 0000-0002-0981-257X; AGÜ, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü; Arik, Engin
This study investigated the bibliometric characteristics of an interdisciplinary field, Cognitive Science, which consists of contributions from diverse fields such as psychology, computer science, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology, among others. The results showed that there were 4,711 publications in Web of Science between 1900 and 2017, with an exponential increase in the number of publications in recent years. About two-thirds of publications were classified as social science, of which 41% were in the field of psychology. Seventy percent of the publications were journal articles, half of the publications were written by researchers in the USA, and 95% of the publications were in English. Corpus analyses of abstracts and keywords showed that frequently used words included cognitive, science, research, theory, model, cognition, information, learning, and psychology. These analyses also showed that research in this field centered on the common themes of cognition, information, psychology, language, learning, representation, artificial intelligence, and mind before 2010 and focused on more restricted themes such as embodied and extended cognition, morality and religion, quantum, and music after 2010.

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