Blockchain-based energy applications: DSO perspective

dc.contributor.author Yağmur, Ahmet
dc.contributor.department AGÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elektrik ve Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2022-12-16T06:35:56Z
dc.date.available 2022-12-16T06:35:56Z
dc.date.issued 2022 en_US
dc.date.submitted 2022-04
dc.description.abstract This thesis discusses blockchain-based energy applications from the distribution system operator (DSO) perspective. Blockchain has a potential impact on emerging actors, such as electric vehicles (EVs), charging facility units (CFUs), Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and microgrids of the electricity grid. Although, blockchain offers magnificent, decentralized solutions, owing to the reality of the existing grid structure, the central management of DSOs still plays a significant, non-negligible role. Numerous studies of proposed blockchain-based EV systems have investigated the energy costs of EVs, fast and efficient charging, privacy and security, peer-to-peer energy trading, sharing economy, selection of appropriate location for CFUs, and scheduling. Additionally, blockchain in DERs, microgrids and energy market investigated in literature. However, cooperation with DSO organizations has not been adequately addressed. Blockchain-based solutions mainly suggest an entirely distributed and decentralized approach for energy trading. However, converting the entire power system infrastructure is considerably expensive. Building a thoroughly decentralized electricity network is nearly impossible in a short time, particularly at the national grid level. In this regard, the applicability of the solutions is as significant as their appropriateness, especially from the DSO perspective, and must be examined closely. The blockchain applicability of the essential DSO services such as SCADA and AMI are analyzed in this study. Time series analysis applied to forecast future peak load of the grid in a pilot region. Reducing the peak load by using BC based demand side management mechanism scenario evaluated and total saving of grid investment is analyzed. We searched and analyzed DSO-based requirements for potential blockchain applications in the energy sector. en_US
dc.description.abstract Blok zincirin elektrik şebekesinde yeni öne çıkan elektrikli araçlar, elektrikli araç şarj istasyonları, dağıtık enerji üretim kaynakları ve mikro şebekeler gibi katılımcılar üzerinde potansiyel etkileri vardır. Blok zincir merkeziyetsiz muhteşem bir çözüm sunmasına rağmen, şebekenin mevcut yapısı ve elektrik dağıtım şirketinin merkeziyetçi yönetim şekli, elektrik dağıtım şirketinin hala şebeke üzerinde gözardı edilemez görev ve etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Literatürde blok zincir tabanlı birçok çalışmada, elektrikli araçlar başta olmak üzere birçok şebeke paydaşı araştırılmıştır. Ancak dağıtım şirketleri ile iş birliği konusu açık ve net şeklide ele alınmamıştır. Blok zincir tabanlı bu çözümler genel olarak tamamen dağıtık ve merkeziyetsiz enerji ticareti yaklaşımı öneriyor, ancak bütün bir elektrik şebekesi sistemini merkeziyetsiz yapıya dönüştürmek oldukça pahalı olacaktır. Ancak yinede elektrik şebekesinin tam anlamı ile merkeziyetsiz olması, özellikle bütün ulusal elektrik şebekesi seviyesinden bakıldığında, kısa vadede neredeyse imkânsızdır. Bu bağlamda, özellikle elektrik dağıtım şirketi perspektifinden bakıldığında, çözümlerin uygulanabilirliği kadar mevcut yapıya uygunluğu da önem arzetmektedir ve daha yakından dikkatle gözden geçirilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, elektrikli araçlar, elektrikli araç şarj üniteleri, dağıtık enerji kaynakları, mikro şebekeler, enerji marketi, elektrik dağıtım şirketlerinin en önemli hizmet araçları olan SCADA ve akıllı sayaçlar için blok zincir uygulanabilirlikleri elektrik dağıtım şirketleri perpetifinden analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca zaman serileri kullanılarak gelecek dönem puant gücü hesaplanmış ve blockchain temelli talep tarafı yönetimi projesi uygulanırsa elde edilecek tasarruf miktarları analiz edilmiştir en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 AIMS and CONTRIBUTION of THESIS……………………………………….6 1.2 OUTLINE of THESIS…………………………………………………………...6 2. OVERVIEW OF BLOCKCHAIN………………………………………………...8 2.1 FEATURES of BLOCKCHAIN……………………………...……….………...9 2.1.1 Hash Function……………………………………………...………….………….9 2.1.2 Public & Private Key………………………………………………….…………9 2.1.3 Nonce………………………………………………………………….…………..10 2.1.4 Smart Contract………………………………………………………..…………10 2.1.5 Merkle Tree…………………………………………………………..…………..11 2.1.6 Lightning Network………………………………………………….….………..13 2.1.7 Immutability……………………………………………………………..……….13 2.1.8 Mining…………………………………………………………………….………14 2.1.9 Longest Chain Rule……………………………………………………………..14 2.1.10 Minting………………………………………………………………………….15 2.1.11 Inflation Problem……………………………………………………….……..15 2.1.12 Types of Blockchain Structures………………………………………………15 2.1.13 Benefits of Blockchain…………………………………………………..…....17 2.1.14 Downsides of Using Blockchain…………………………………………….17 2.2 CONSENSUS ALGORITHM…………………………………………………18 2.2.1 Several Consensus Algorithms In Energy Sector………………….………..21 2.2.1.1 Proof-Of-Work (PoW)…………………………………………….…….…21 2.2.1.2 Proof Of Stake (PoS)……………………………………………….……...23 2.2.1.3 Proof-Of-Benefit (PoB)…………………………………………….…….. 23 2.2.1.4 Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS)……………………………….…….…24 2.2.1.5 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)………………….…….…24 2.2.1.6 Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (DBFT)………………………….24 2.2.1.7 Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)……………………………………………24 2.2.1.8 Proof-of-Authority (PoAu)…………………………………………………25 2.2.1.9 Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)…………………………………………25 2.2.2 Blockchain Security…………………………………………………………….25 3. GRID STAKEHOLDERS AND BLOCKCHAIN ……………………………..27 3.1 USE OF ESSENTIAL DSO SERVICES AND BLOCKCHAIN……….……..27 3.1.1 SCADA ……………………………………………………………………………27 3.1.2 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) ………………………………….…28 3.2 ELECTRIC VEHICLES & ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS…………….…29 3.2.1 EVs & Blockchain-Related Works…………………………………………..…32 3.2.2 Future EV Usage and Its Problems…………………………………….….….35 3.2.3 Benefits of EV with the Help of Blockchain…………………………….…….36 3.3 USE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DERS) AND MICROGRIDS……………………………………………………………….....37 3.4 BLOCKCHAIN IN A DECENTRALIZED ENERGY MARKET……………..39 3.5 BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN OTHER DSO ASPECTS …...……….….43 3.5.1 Blockchain Contribution in Demand Response………………............……43 v 3.5.2 Blockchain for TSO/ DSO Interactions ……..………..……….…................44 3.5.3 Grid Capacity Investment Linkage with Blockchain……………................44 3.5.4 Blockchain for Environmentalism………………………………...................45 4. INVESTIGATION OF BLOCKCHAIN POTENTIAL FOR PILOT REGION: DSM PERSPECTIVE…………………....................................………………….46 4.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PILOT REGION FROM THE POINT OF PEAK POWER AND GRID INVESTMENT ………………………………………………...............47 4.2 METHOD 1- FORECASTING the PEAK POWER…………………………...50 4.2.1 Time Series Background………………………………………………………..50 4.2.2 ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average)……………………...50 4.2.2.1 Performance of ARIMA Model…………………………………………...52 4.2.3 ARIMAX …………………………..…………………………………………….52 4.2.3.1 Performance of ARIMAX …..…………..………………….....................53 4.3 METHOD 2- GENERALIZATION ……………………………………..........60 4.4 COST of MARKETING FEE of the REGION …………….………………….64 4.5 VARIABLE COSTS of APPLYING BLOCKCHAIN PROJECT…........….....64 5. ENERGY & BLOCKCHAIN IN TÜRKİYE..………………...................……..66 5.1 YEK-G (EXIST) ………………………………..……………………...............66 5.2 FOTON ENERGY & ENERGY WEB…………………………………...........68 5.3 BLOK-Z………………………………………………………………..............69 5.4 INAVITAS & ENERGY WEB…………………………………………..........70 5.5 FLEXIGRID & OEDAŞ……………………………………………….............71 5.6 AKEDAŞ………………………………………………………………............72 5.7 ARAS EDAŞ……………………………………………………………..........72 5.8 GDZ EDAŞ…………………………………………………………….............72 5.9 BAŞKENT EDAŞ……………………………………………………..........….73 5.10 SOME OTHER BLOCKCHAIN RELATED INSTITUTIONS……..........….73 5.10.1 Havelsan…………………………………………………………...........73 5.10.2 Tubıtak Research Laboratory……………………………………...........73 6. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE PROSPECTS & DISCUSSION.………............75 5.1 DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………............75 5.2 SOCIETAL IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY………………………………………………………..............80 5.3 FUTURE PROSPECTS……………………………………………….............81 5.4 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………........…..82 en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/1423
dc.language.iso eng en_US
dc.publisher Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü en_US
dc.relation.publicationcategory Tez en_US
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess en_US
dc.subject AMI en_US
dc.subject DERs en_US
dc.subject DSO Blockchain en_US
dc.subject EVs en_US
dc.subject SCADA en_US
dc.title Blockchain-based energy applications: DSO perspective en_US
dc.title.alternative Elektrik dağıtım şirketleri perspektifinden blockchain temelli enerji uygulamaları en_US
dc.type masterThesis en_US

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