Hidrojen Gevrekliğinin Çok Ölçekli Modelleme Yaklaşımıyla İncelenmesi
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Date
2021, 2021
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Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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Abstract
Malzemelerin kullanım sırasında veya talaşlı imalat, kaynak, elektro kaplama gibi işlemler sırasında hidrojene maruz kalması mekanik davranışlarının bozulmasına sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Hidrojen gevrekliği olarak bilinen bu durumda atomik hidrojen metal kristali içerisine nüfuz ederek buradaki kristal kusurlar etrafında birikmekte ve bu yapıların yük altındaki davranışlarını değiştirmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında hidrojen difüzyonu ve bunun yanında hidrojen etkisinde dislokasyon hareketliliğinin atomik mekanizmaları, α-Fe'nin plastisite davranışında aktif olan iki kayma sistemi, spesifik olarak ½<111>{110} ve ½<111>{112} kenar dislokasyonları için incelenmiştir. Detaylı olarak farklı hidrojen yoğunluklarında tek kristal içinde dislokasyon yığını kaymaları, bunun yanında tane sınırı içeren yapılarda dislokasyonun tane sınırından geçişi bcc demir kristallerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla beraber, bahsi geçen yapıların sabit gerilme oranı altında tek yönlü çekme davranışının analizleri yapılmıştır. Son olarak bcc fcc ve hcp kristal yapılarda hidrojen difüzyon ve geri difüzyonu nümerik modeller ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre sıkça kullanılan HELP mekanizmasının aksine hidrojenin dislokasyon hızını azalttığı görülmüştür. Buna karşın tane sınırı elastik gerilmelerinin etkisiyle bu bölgelerde hidrojen ile dislokasyon lokalizasyonu da gözlenmiştir. Hidrojenin önceden varolan dislokasyonların hızını düşürmesi ile tek yönlü çekme davranışında sertleşme görülmüştür. Ayrıca, hidrojenin tane sınırlarında birikimi yeni tane sınırı oluşumlarını baskılamakta ve gevrek kırılmalara sebebiyet verebilen sertleşme davranışını arttırmaktadır.
Hydrogen exposure of metallic materials during their service times or during the application of processes e.g. machining, welding, electroplating leads to degradation of the mechanical properties which is a phenomenon known as hydrogen embrittlement. Diffused hydrogen into metal can accumulate in crystal defects and alter the mechanical behavior under loading. In this thesis, diffusion of the hydrogen as well as the atomistic mechanisms of dislocation mobility depending on the presence of hydrogen were investigated for two edge dislocation systems that are active in the plasticity of α-Fe, specifically ½<111>{110} and ½<111>{112}. In particular, the glide of the dislocation pile-ups through a single crystal, as well as transmission of the pile-ups across the grain boundary were evaluated in bcc iron crystals that contain hydrogen concentrations in different amounts. Additionally, the uniaxial tensile response under a constant strain rate was analyzed for the aforementioned structures. Lastly, diffusion and back-diffusion of the hydrogen into bcc, fcc, and hcp crystal structures were investigated with numerical models. The results reveal that the presence of hydrogen decreases the velocity of the dislocations – in contrast to the commonly invoked HELP (Hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity) mechanism -, although some localization was observed near the grain boundary where dislocations were pinned by elastic stress fields. In the presence of pre-exisiting dislocations, hydrogen-induced hardening was observed as a consequence of the restriction of the dislocation mobility under uniaxial tension. Furthermore, it was observed that hydrogen accumulation in the grain boundary suppresses the formation of new grains that leads to a hardening response in the stress-strain behaviour which can initiate brittle fracture points.
Hydrogen exposure of metallic materials during their service times or during the application of processes e.g. machining, welding, electroplating leads to degradation of the mechanical properties which is a phenomenon known as hydrogen embrittlement. Diffused hydrogen into metal can accumulate in crystal defects and alter the mechanical behavior under loading. In this thesis, diffusion of the hydrogen as well as the atomistic mechanisms of dislocation mobility depending on the presence of hydrogen were investigated for two edge dislocation systems that are active in the plasticity of α-Fe, specifically ½<111>{110} and ½<111>{112}. In particular, the glide of the dislocation pile-ups through a single crystal, as well as transmission of the pile-ups across the grain boundary were evaluated in bcc iron crystals that contain hydrogen concentrations in different amounts. Additionally, the uniaxial tensile response under a constant strain rate was analyzed for the aforementioned structures. Lastly, diffusion and back-diffusion of the hydrogen into bcc, fcc, and hcp crystal structures were investigated with numerical models. The results reveal that the presence of hydrogen decreases the velocity of the dislocations – in contrast to the commonly invoked HELP (Hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity) mechanism -, although some localization was observed near the grain boundary where dislocations were pinned by elastic stress fields. In the presence of pre-exisiting dislocations, hydrogen-induced hardening was observed as a consequence of the restriction of the dislocation mobility under uniaxial tension. Furthermore, it was observed that hydrogen accumulation in the grain boundary suppresses the formation of new grains that leads to a hardening response in the stress-strain behaviour which can initiate brittle fracture points.
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Mechanical Engineering, Makine Mühendisliği, Metallurgical Engineering, Metalurji Mühendisliği, Engineering Sciences, Mühendislik Bilimleri
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