WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/394

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Publisher: search.filters.publisher.ElsevierSubject: search.filters.subject.Deep Learning

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 6
    Citation - Scopus: 11
    Deep Learning Approaches for Vehicle Type Classification With 3D Magnetic Sensor
    (Elsevier, 2022-11) Kolukisa, Burak; Yildirim, Veli Can; Elmas, Bahadir; Ayyildiz, Cem; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri
    In the Intelligent Transportation Systems, it is crucial to determine the type of vehicles to improve traffic management, increase human comfort, and enable future development of transport infrastructures. This paper presents a deep learning-based vehicle type classification approach for intermediate road traffic. Specifically, a low-cost, easy-to-install, battery-operated 3-D traffic sensor is designed and developed. In addition, a total of 376 vehicle samples are collected, and the vehicles are identified into three different classes according to their structures: light, medium, and heavy. Firstly, an oversampling method is applied to increase the number of samples in the training set. Then, the signals are converted into time series for LSTM and GRU and 2-D images for transfer learning models. Finally, soft voting is proposed using the LSTM, GRU, and VGG16, which is the best transfer learning method for vehicle type classification. The developed system is portable, power-limited, battery-operated, and reliable. Comparative performance results show that the soft voting ensemble method using a deep learning classifier improves the accuracy and f-measure performances by 92.92% and 93.42%, respectively. Additionally, the battery lifetime of the developed magnetic sensor node can work for up to 2 years.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 4
    Citation - Scopus: 7
    Combining N-Grams and Graph Convolution for Text Classification
    (Elsevier, 2025-05) Sen, Tarik Uveys; Yakit, Mehmet Can; Gumus, Mehmet Semih; Abar, Orhan; Bakal, Gokhan
    Text classification, a cornerstone of natural language processing (NLP), finds applications in diverse areas, from sentiment analysis to topic categorization. While deep learning models have recently dominated the field, traditional n-gram-driven approaches often struggle to achieve comparable performance, particularly on large datasets. This gap largely stems from deep learning' s superior ability to capture contextual information through word embeddings. This paper explores a novel approach to leverage the often-overlooked power of n-gram features for enriching word representations and boosting text classification accuracy. We propose a method that transforms textual data into graph structures, utilizing discriminative n-gram series to establish long-range relationships between words. By training a graph convolution network on these graphs, we derive contextually enhanced word embeddings that encapsulate dependencies extending beyond local contexts. Our experiments demonstrate that integrating these enriched embeddings into an long-short term memory (LSTM) model for text classification leads to around 2% improvements in classification performance across diverse datasets. This achievement highlights the synergy of combining traditional n-gram features with graph-based deep learning techniques for building more powerful text classifiers.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 4
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    Beyond Visual Cues: Emotion Recognition in Images With Text-Aware Fusion
    (Elsevier, 2025-04) Sungur, Kerim Serdar; Bakal, Gokhan
    Sentiment analysis is a widely studied problem for understanding human emotions and potential outcomes. As it can be performed over textual data, working on visual data elements is also critically substantial to examining the current emotional status. In this effort, the aim is to investigate any potential enhancements in sentiment analysis predictions through visual instances by integrating textual data as additional knowledge reflecting the contextual information of the images. Thus, two separate models have been developed as image-processing and text-processing models in which both models were trained on distinct datasets comprising the same five human emotions. Following, the outputs of the individual models' last dense layers are combined to construct the hybrid multimodel empowered by visual and textual components. The fundamental focus is to evaluate the performance of the hybrid model in which the textual knowledge is concatenated with visual data. Essentially, the hybrid model achieved nearly a 3% F1-score improvement compared to the plain image classification model utilizing convolutional neural network architecture. In essence, this research underscores the potency of fusing textual context with visual information to refine sentiment analysis predictions. The findings not only emphasize the potential of a multi-modal approach but also spotlight a promising avenue for future advancements in emotion analysis and understanding.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 23
    Citation - Scopus: 35
    A Review of On-Device Machine Learning for IoT: An Energy Perspective
    (Elsevier, 2024-02) Tekin, Nazli; Aris, Ahmet; Acar, Abbas; Uluagac, Selcuk; Gungor, Vehbi Cagri
    Recently, there has been a substantial interest in on-device Machine Learning (ML) models to provide intelligence for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as image classification, human activity recognition, and anomaly detection. Traditionally, ML models are deployed in the cloud or centralized servers to take advantage of their abundant computational resources. However, sharing data with the cloud and third parties degrades privacy and may cause propagation delay in the network due to a large amount of transmitted data impacting the performance of real-time applications. To this end, deploying ML models on-device (i.e., on IoT devices), in which data does not need to be transmitted, becomes imperative. However, deploying and running ML models on already resource-constrained IoT devices is challenging and requires intense energy consumption. Numerous works have been proposed in the literature to address this issue. Although there are considerable works that discuss energy-aware ML approaches for on-device implementation, there remains a gap in the literature on a comprehensive review of this subject. In this paper, we provide a review of existing studies focusing on-device ML models for IoT applications in terms of energy consumption. One of the key contributions of this study is to introduce a taxonomy to define approaches for employing energy-aware on-device ML models on IoT devices in the literature. Based on our review in this paper, our key findings are provided and the open issues that can be investigated further by other researchers are discussed. We believe that this study will be a reference for practitioners and researchers who want to employ energy-aware on-device ML models for IoT applications.