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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/5800

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Author: search.filters.author.Aydın, ZaferStart date: 2023

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  • Doctoral Thesis
    Biyomedikal Görüntülerin Segmentasyonu için Derin Öğrenme Yaklaşımları
    (2025) Güzel, Yasin; Aydın, Zafer
    Bu tez çalışması, biyomedikal görüntü segmentasyonunun tanısal süreçlerdeki kritik rolünden hareketle, derin öğrenme tabanlı modellerin potansiyelini üç farklı ve zorlu tıbbi alanda araştırmaktadır. Üç farklı klinik senaryoda yürütülen çalışmalarda, sırasıyla; intraoral kamera görüntülerinden mikrobiyal dental plak, MR görüntülerinden düşük dereceli glioma tümörler ve PET/BT görüntülerinden prostat bezi segmentasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her bir problem için derin öğrenme mimarileri ile klasik bilgisayarlı görü yöntemleri karşılaştırılmış; hiperparametre optimizasyonları yapılarak adil bir değerlendirme zemini oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular, derin öğrenme modellerinin her üç alanda da klasik yöntemlere ezici bir üstünlük sağladığını tutarlı bir şekilde göstermiştir. Özellikle, diş plağı segmentasyonunda U-Net Transformer modelinin, üç uzman diş hekiminden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha başarılı sonuçlar elde etmesi, bu teknolojinin klinik potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır. Benzer şekilde, düşük dereceli glioma için UNet++ ve prostat segmentasyonu için Attention U-Net mimarileri en yüksek performansı sergilemiştir. Grad-CAM ve Saliency Map ile açıklanabilirlik teknikleri ile bu yüksek skor veren modellerin karar mekanizmalarının hedeflenen anatomik bölgelere doğru odaklandığı doğrulanmış ve modelleri, kara kutu algısının ötesine taşımıştır. Bu tez, farklı tıbbi görüntüleme modalitelerinde probleme özgü önerilen derin öğrenme çözümlerinin, hem otomasyonu sağlayarak verimliliği artırma hem de uzman performansını aşarak tanısal doğruluğu iyileştirme gücünü kanıtlamaktadır.
  • Doctoral Thesis
    Genetik ve Enfeksiyon Hastalıklarının Tespiti için Makine Öğrenmesi Yöntemleri
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Işık, Yunus Emre; Aydın, Zafer
    Completion of the whole human genome in the 2003 has led to various advances in many fields, particularly in biology, genetics, health sciences, treatment, and pharmacology. In the following years, spread of faster and cheaper sequencing technologies has enabled us to extract and analyze genetic profiles of individuals digitally. Consequently, individual-specific forecasting and personalized treatment and precision medicine-, what once seemed like science fiction, have become more and more real. In both approaches, one of the crucial steps is identifying the presence of diseases using individual-specific genetic data. This thesis aims to comprehensively and comparatively evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning methods for Behçet's disease and respiratory infections. Additionally, feature selection methods were employed to identify the genetic factors (such as SNPs and genes) associated with disease presence for both diseases. Furthermore, the usability of selected features depending on biological pathway-driven active subnetworks listed in the literature was analyzed for the prediction of Behçet's disease. For the respiratory infection prediction problem, on the other hand, the prediction performance of features calculated by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was evaluated using different machine learning methods. As the data types used in both experiments were different (genome-wide association studies data, gene expression profiles), the performance of machine learning approaches on different data types was also observed. It is hoped that the findings of both experiments will contribute to future machine learning based disease prediction studies.
  • Doctoral Thesis
    Trafik Yoğunluğu Tahmini için Derin Öğrenme Modelleri
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Çini, Nevin; Aydın, Zafer
    In the last 50 years, with the growth of cities and increase in the number of vehicles and mobility, traffic has become troublesome. As a result, traffic flow prediction started to attract attention as an important research area. However, despite the extensive literature, traffic flow prediction still remains as an open research problem, specifically for long- term traffic flow prediction. Compared to the models developed for short-term traffic flow prediction, the number of models developed for long-term traffic flow prediction is very few. Based on this shortcoming, in this study, we focus on long-term traffic flow prediction and propose a novel deep ensemble model (DEM). In order to build this ensemble model, first, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long short term memory (LSTM) network, and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network as deep learning models, which formed the base learners. In the next step, we combine the output of these models according to their individual forecasting success. We use another deep learning model to determine the success of the individual models. Our proposed model is a flexible ensemble prediction model that can be updated based on traffic data. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we use a publicly available dataset. Numerical results show that our proposed model performs better than individual deep learning models (i.e., LSTM, CNN, GRU), selected traditional machine learning models (i.e., linear regression (LR), decision tree regression (DTR), k-nearest-neighbors regression (KNNR) and other ensemble models such as random-forest-regression(RFR).
  • Doctoral Thesis
    Histopatoloji Görüntülerinden Bilgisayar Destekli Kanser Tespiti
    (Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2023) Taşdemir, Sena Büşra Yengeç; Yılmaz, Bülent; Aydın, Zafer
    Detecting colon adenomatous polyps early is crucial for reducing colon cancer risk. This thesis investigated various deep learning approaches for computer-aided diagnosis of colon polyps on histopathology images using deep learning. The thesis addressed key challenges in polyp classification, including differentiating adenomatous polyps from non-adenomatous tissues and multi-class classification of polyp types. Initially, a histopathology image dataset is collected and refined from Kayseri City Hospital. The first study used stain normalization algorithms and an ensemble framework for binary classification, achieving 95% accuracy on the custom dataset and 91.1% and 90% on UnitoPatho and EBHI datasets, respectively. The second study implemented a tailored version of the supervised contrastive learning model for multi-class classification, outperforming state-of-the-art deep learning models with accuracies of 87.1% on custom dataset and 70.3% on UnitoPatho dataset. The third study proposed a self-supervised contrastive learning approach for utilizing all data in cases of limited labeled images. This approach achieved better performance than transfer learning with ImageNet pre-trained models. In conclusion, this PhD thesis investigated deep learning approaches for computer-aided diagnosis of colon polyps on histopathology images, demonstrating high accuracy in binary and multi-class classification, outperforming state-of-the-art models. These findings contribute to improving colon polyp classification accuracy and efficiency, ultimately facilitating the early detection and prevention of colon cancer.