Browsing by Author "Ulucak, Recep"

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Analyzing long lasting effects of environmental policies: Evidence from low, middle and high income economies
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 01.01.2019) Ozcan, Burcu; Ulucak, Recep; Dugan, Eyup; 0000-0001-8800-8880; 0000-0001-9938-0063; 0000-0003-0476-5177; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü
This study investigates whether or not environmental policies have long lasting effects by analyzing stochastic properties of ecological footprint that recently attracts a great attention and is accepted as a broader measure of the environmental degradation in the literature. To this end, countries are classified by income groups and the panel KSS unit root test alongside the SPSM procedure are utilized based on the annual data from 1961 to 2013. The empirical results show that ecological footprint has stationary process for all high-income countries and for about the half of the low-income and upper-middle income economies, whereas non-stationarity is verified for the lower-middle income economies. Crucial policy implications are further discussed.
Analyzing the environmental Kuznets curve for the EU countries: the role of ecological footprint
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 2018) Destek, Mehmet Akif; Ulucak, Recep; Dogan, Eyup; 0000-0002-2514-9405; 0000-0003-0476-5177; 0000-0001-9938-0063; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü
A great majority of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) literature use CO2 emissions to proxy for environmental degradation. However, this is an important shortage in application of the EKC concept because environmental degradation cannot be captured by CO2 emissions only. By using a broader proxy, ecological footprint, this study aims to investigate the presence of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the EU countries. The annual data from 1980 to 2013 is examined with second generation panel data methodologies which take into account the cross-sectional dependence among countries. The results show that there is U-shaped relationship between the real income and ecological footprint. In addition, non-renewable energy increases the environmental degradation while renewable energy and trade openness decrease the environmental degradation in the EU countries. Policy implications are further discussed.
The use of ecological footprint in estimating the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for BRICST by considering cross-section dependence and heterogeneity
(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2020) Dogan, Eyup; Ulucak, Recep; Kocak, Emrah; Isik, Cem; 0000-0001-9938-0063; 0000-0002-5889-3126; 0000-0003-0476-5177; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü
A vast body of literature estimates the impact of economic growth on environmental degradation in the framework of EKC model. Typical empirical studies proxy environmental degradation with CO2 emissions; however, this indicator does not consider the complex nature of environmental degradation. To fulfill this omission, ecological footprint that tracks the use of multiple categories of productive surface areas is used as proxy for the environment. Moreover, studies that do not consider issues of heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence may not produce reliable outcomes. Hence, the present study re-investigates the validity of the EKC hypothesis for BRICST (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Turkey) by using ecological footprint and considering the mentioned issues in the estimation process. Based on the annual data covering the period of 1980-2014, excluding Russia due to data unavailability, empirical results show that the EKC hypothesis is not valid, and energy intensity and energy structure are important determinants of environmental degradation. In line with the empirical outputs, possible policy suggestions are discussed in the present study. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.