Browsing by Author "Top, Soner"

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Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
Recovery of Lithium From Spent Coin-Type Lithium Manganese Dioxide Cr Cells by Acidic Leaching in the Presence of Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant
(Springer, 2023) Kursunoglu, Sait; Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut; Ozsarac, Safak; Kaya, Muammer
The selective leaching of lithium from spent coin-type lithium manganese dioxide CR cells by oxidative leaching and precipitation of Li2CO3 from Li-bearing leach solution has been experimentally and theoretically investigated. The oxidative leaching experiments were carried out using sulfuric acid in the presence of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The dissolutions of lithium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt were found to be 84.8%, 0.9%, 46.6%, and 9.7%, respectively. The results demonstrated that a considerable amount of manganese and cobalt remained in the leach residue. The Li-bearing leach solution was fed to an impurity removal stage. It was observed that a substantial amount of lithium loss, along with manganese, nickel, and cobalt, was determined at pH 10. At standard temperature and pressure, the species of lithium as a function of pH, lithium concentration, and carbonate concentration was evaluated for the generation of Li2CO3 from the oxidative leach solution. The results revealed that the precipitation of lithium as lithium carbonate is thermodynamically feasible from the solution at high pHs.
Artık Malzemelerden Box Behnken Test Dizaynı Kullanılarak Hafif Geopolimer Beton Üretimi
(2020) Top, Soner; Kudak, Hüseyin
Bu çalışmada, artık malzemelerden hibrit geopolimer beton üretim olanakları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla,Sugözü Termik Santrali ve Afşin/Elbistan Termik Santrali’nden uçucu küller ile Soda Sanayii’nden SolvayProsesi artıkları temin edilmiştir. Büyük çoğunluğu yüksek fırın cürufu ve uçucu küllerden oluşan CEM V/Akompoze çimento da geopolimer beton üretiminde kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan malzemelerin karakterizasyonuXRD ve XRF yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geopolimerizasyonu sağlamak üzere sodyum metasilikat (Na2SiO3) alkali aktivatör olarak kullanılmıştır. Na2SiO3 çözelti haline getirilerek 5Mkonsantrasyonunda harca katılmıştır. Harcın oluşturulması sırasında ekstra su kullanılmamıştır. Box Behnkenİstatistiksel test dizaynı kullanılarak farklı oranlardaki artık malzeme ilavelerinin elde edilen geopolimer betonörneklerin tek eksenli basınç dayanımı, sertlik, birim hacim ağırlık, su emme ve sonik hız özelliklerine etkileriincelenmiştir. Kuadratik modeller, test sonuçları doğrultusunda Box Behnken test dizaynında en uygunmodeller olarak belirlenmiştir. R2değeri 28 günlük tek eksenli basınç dayanımları için % 90,48, Shoresertlikleri için % 81,67, birim hacim ağırlıkları için % 94,85, su emme değerleri için % 92,09 ve sonik hızdeğerleri için ise % 87,74 olarak belirlenmiştir. Hibrit geopolimer beton üretimi sırasında 1570-1725 kg/m3arasında değişen birim hacim ağırlıklarına sahip beton numunelerden 7-24 MPa arasında değişen tek eksenlibasınç dayanımları elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen tüm geopolimer beton örnekler hafif beton sınıfında yeralmıştır.
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 25
Production of Alpha-Alumina from Black Aluminum Dross Using NaOh Leaching Followed by Calcination
(Springer, 2020) Turk, Murat; Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Karaca, Serkan; Bouchekrit, Chafia
The aim of this work is to produce alpha-alumina particles from aluminum (Al) dross via leaching-precipitation-calcination processes. In the leaching test, the effects of parameters such as the temperature, NaOH concentration, and time were investigated based on the Taguchi approach. In addition, the effect of the particle size on the Al extraction rate was determined. The Al extraction rate ranged from 78.64% to 93.11% and from 78.35% to 91.99% for ground dross and as-received dross, respectively. In the precipitation test, the pH of the leachate solution was decreased using HCl to remove Al ions as Al hydroxide precipitate. The precipitate was calcined at 1000 degrees C to 1200 degrees C for 270 min. The morphological and polymorphic properties of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental findings indicated that the calcination temperature and stabilization time were critical for producing alpha-alumina particles rather than other polymorphs.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Recovery of Vanadium and Nickel From a High Caco3 Containing Petroleum Coke Ash by Roasting and Acidic Leaching
(Springer, 2023) Yurtseven, Ozgun; Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Altiner, Mahmut
In this study, it was aimed to extract vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) from a petroleum coke ash (PCA) using a roasting process without additives, followed by leaching with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The experiments were designed based on the Taguchi approach, taking into account the parameters of temperature, acid concentration, time, and solid ratio. Additional leaching tests were conducted on the non-roasted PCA for comparison, to assess the effect of roasting on the extractions of V and Ni. The results showed that no extra reducing agent was needed as the PCA contained high levels of CaCO3, which could be used as a reducing agent during roasting. It was found that roasting was essential for high Ni extractions, but had no strong effects on V extractions. The Ni extraction was found to be between 13.3 and 80.8% for the non-roasted PCA and between 43.6 and 99.3% for the roasted PCA. The V extraction was between 36 and 97.9% for the non-roasted PCA and between 45.4 and 99.9% for the roasted PCA. The optimal leaching conditions were determined to be a sulfuric acid of 4.5 M, a solid ratio of 10%, a temperature of 75 degrees C, and a time of 75 min. In addition, it was determined that the leaching conditions had a great effect on the oxidation state of vanadium ions, and an increase in the acid concentration led to the formation of V3+ ions (green color) instead of VO2+ ions (blue color) in the pregnant leach solution. The final pregnant leach solution containing 1056.50 mg/L V, and 251.85 mg/L Ni was achieved with an extraction yields of > 98%. The experimental results were greatly fitted by the shrinking core model and the activation energy (E-a) for V and Ni was calculated as 3.60 and 4.01 kJ/mol, indicating that the leaching mechanism can be explained by the diffusion control model.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
Characterization of Nickel in Chromite Beneficiation Tailings by Mineral Liberation Analysis and Its Recovery by H2SO4 Leaching Followed by Oxalic Acid Precipitation
(Springer, 2024) Altiner, Mahmut; Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Kursunoglu, Sait; Top, Soner; Bayat, Oktay
This study investigated the recovery of nickel from tailings (0.2% Ni) obtained in a chromite beneficiation plant using H2SO4 leaching followed by oxalic acid precipitation. The tailings were characterized using mineral liberation analysis. Ni was found as Fe-Ni, Fe-Ni-Co sulfide minerals, which were encapsulated in serpentine, olivine, pyroxene and clinochlore. Liberated fine chromite minerals benefited from magnetic separation followed by Falcon concentrator. A chromite product with a grade > 37% was obtained. The effect of leaching conditions including acid concentration, temperature, time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the leaching behavior of Ni was investigated based on the Taguchi approach. It was possible to extract Ni with a rate of > 98% from the tailings using the following conditions: H2SO4 concentration of 3 M, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 and ambient temperature for 2 h. Finally, Ni was precipitated as an oxalate form with a precipitation rate of 72%. It is believed that implementing additional purification methods like solvent extraction may be essential to obtain a high-purity nickel product from the leach solution of oxalate precipitate. Experimental results indicate that the tailings used in this study are a good alternative as Ni resource in the near future.
Effective Processing of Specularite Ore by Wet Magnetic Separation and Reverse Flotation Techniques
(2019) Top, Soner; Dhubaıbı, Ammar Mahdi Al; Vapur, Huseyin
The aim of this study was to obtain a high grade and yield percentage of iron concentratefrom a specularite ore by using wet magnetic separation and reverse flotation techniques.The processing a specularite sample using wet magnetic separation and reverseflotation method was studied. During the magnetic separation process, particle size was-2000 μm and magnetic field applied at 0.25 T and 0.85 T which were performed at asolid-liquid ratio of 10% and 20% by weight, respectively. In the reverse flotation tests,experimental design (DOE) was applied, statistically. Depressant dosage, collector dosageand flotation time were selected as main parameters. PH value, frother dosage (MIBC) andparticle size were constant parameters. The results showed that particle size and magnetic fieldintensity had a significant effect on the iron concentrate grade and yield for wet magneticseparation. The optimum value of iron concentrate grade was 98.75% at 0.25 T andparticle size of -150 μm while the highest value of iron concentrate yield was 67% at 0.75T and particle size of -74 μm. In the flotation tests, depressant dosage had the greatestinfluence on the iron concentrate grade while the effect of the collector dosage and frothcollection time were less. Froth collection time had the greatest effect on iron concentrateyield.The maximum iron concentrate grade was 90.13% for the following conditions:5250 g/ton depressant, 1000 g/ton collector and 2-minute froth collection time. Themaximum iron concentrate yield was 98.96% for the following conditions: 5250 g/tondepressant, 1500 g/ton collector and 1 min froth collection time under fixed conditions.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 10
Production of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles From a Manganiferous Iron Ore via Reductive Leaching, Precipitation, and Calcination
(Elsevier, 2022) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Bouchekrit, Chafia; Kursunoglu, Sait
The synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles from a manganiferous iron ore through reductive leaching, precipitation, and calcination was investigated. The reductive leaching results showed that Mn (99.9%) was almost completely extracted into the leaching solution along with a substantial amount of Mg (99.9%), Al (99.5%), Ca (80%), and Fe (22.9%) under the following conditions: 30 g/L tartaric acid as a reducing agent, 1 M HCl solution, leaching temperature of 90 ?, and leaching duration of 3 h. In the first precipitation step, Fe and Al were expelled from the pregnant leach solution by the addition of NaOH prior to conducting the precipitation experiments for the production of manganese carbonate (MnCO3) particles from the purified solution. In the second precipitation step, MnCO3 particles were produced using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the precipitating agent. The effects of parameters such as reaction temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and experimental duration were investigated using the Taguchi approach. Manganse(II) was precipitated in the form of MnCO3 particles (97.4%) under the following conditions: a temperature of 30 ?C, Na2CO3 concentration of 0.014 mol/L, and duration of 30 min. The precipitate was observed to have a structure similar to that of rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Thermogravimetric/ differential thermal analyses were subsequently performed in three different atmospheres (air, oxygen, and nitrogen) to select a suitable atmosphere for calcination. The experimental results indicated the formation of hausmannite (Mn3O4) with a purity of 97.5% Mn3O4, 0.42% MgO, 1.66% CaO, and 0.34% FeO. The specific surface area, particle size, Curie temperature, magnetisation, coercivity, and remanence ratio of the final product obtained via 3 h of calcination at 350 C were estimated to be 133.3 m(2)/g, < 142.2 nm, 56 K, 10.10 Am-2/kg, 0.35 T, and 0.19, respectively. The characterisation results revealed the excellent low-temperature ferromagnetic properties of the produced Mn3O4 nanoparticles.
A Distinctive Determination of Circular Nozzles in Downcomer for Column Flotation
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2023) Vapur, Huseyin; Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut
This study aims to recover clean coal from valuable hard coal tailings (HCT), which have been used as solid fuels in a thermal power plant, through convenient conditions. The effective diameters of circular nozzles on the recovery of HCT were investigated by using the Jameson cell (JC) as the main purpose. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine the type and dosages of the collector and frother. The JC test results were evaluated by Yates and Box Behnken based on ANOVA analysis, statistically. It was observed that 3,000 g/ton of diesel oil, 300 g/ton of MIBC, 100 g/ton of Na2SiO3, and 60 cm of downcomer depth were found applicable levels of parameters. The decrease of the diameter increased the venturi effect of downcomer which provided the best recovery ratio of 97.79%. Besides, the results of kinetic models were obtained with desired efficiencies (CR infinity = 94.77%, k(coal) = 1.20, R-2 = 0.98 and SI = 2.40). The best diameter was 5 cm supplied a short time and high carrying capacity (CC) for concentrate.
Citation - WoS: 71
Citation - Scopus: 82
Properties of Fly Ash-Based Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete Prepared Using Pumice and Expanded Perlite as Aggregates
(Elsevier, 2020) Top, Soner; Vapur, Huseyin; Altiner, Mahmut; Kaya, Dogan; Ekicibil, Ahmet
The present paper aims to utilize the fly ash wastes with lightweight aggregates for geopolymer concrete production process in which sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkali activators, respectively. The designed experiments were examined by the Yates Analyses and so the productions of geopolymer concrete were investigated depending on curing temperature, solid/liquid rate and concentration of alkali activators. The curing temperature and alkali activator concentration were revealed as effective parameters in geopolymerization. The effects of expanded perlite (EP) and acidic pumice (AP) aggregates were discovered for the production of lightweight geopolymer concretes. The microstructural properties of each produced geopolymer concrete were characterized using SEM, EDS and laser particle size analyses. The specifications of the concrete were evaluated based on their uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), point load strength (PLS), sonic speed (SS), Mohs hardness (MH), and water absorption (WAR) ratio results. In addition, the effects of pre-wetting of EP aggregates, which have hydrophilic nature, were examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that pre-wetted lightweight EP aggregates were used to produce lightweight GP concretes. As a result of pre-wetting, chemical usage decreased by 32.5%. The UCSs of the lightweight geopolymer concretes were in a range of 10-50MPa and their unit weights changed between 1250 and 1700 kg/m(3). Lighter concretes were obtained by the addition of EP aggregates rather than AP ones. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 14
Citation - Scopus: 16
Effects of Leaching Parameters on the Dissolution of Nickel, Cobalt, Manganese and Iron from Caldag Lateritic Nickel Ore in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Ichlas, Zela Tanlega
The effects of leaching parameters on the metal dissolutions from Caldag laterite ore using hydrochloric acid at atmospheric pressure were investigated. The following leaching parameters were examined to understand their effects on the dissolution of the metals: hydrochloric acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio, particle size, leaching temperature and time. Extractions of 95.8%Ni, 94.5%Co and 94.3%Mn into the leach solution were obtained along with a substantial amount of iron (81.5%) under the following conditions: 3.0 M HCl concentration, 90 degrees C leaching temperature, 8 h leaching time, 1/5 solid/liquid ratio and -0.053 mm particle size. The hydrochloric acid consumption under these optimum conditions was found to be 543 kg t(-1)ore. The results indicated that hydrochloric acid concentration and leaching temperature were the most important parameters affecting metal dissolutions. It was found that the dissolution of nickel did not exhibit a good linear correlation to that of manganese, which suggested that considerable amounts of nickel were not hosted in asbolane phase but also in other mineral phases such as goethite, haematite and clays. It was, however, found that most of the cobalt appeared to be hosted in asbolane. The semi-quantitative mineral analyses revealed that mineral dissolution order was as follows: calcite > goethite > haematite > lizardite >= chlorite-serpentine > asbolane > albite > kaolinite.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Separation of Mn and Fe From a Manganiferous Iron Ore Using Horse Dung as Reductant: A Zero Waste Approach
(Springer, 2022) Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut; Kursunoglu, Sait
The separation of manganese and iron from a manganiferous iron ore using horse dung (biomass) as reductant was investigated in a sulfuric acid solution, and 99.80% Mn and 17.76% Fe were extracted into the solution under these leaching conditions: 1 M sulphuric acid concentration, 120 g/L biomass, 1/10 solid to liquid ratio, 300 rev/min stirring speed, 90 degrees C leaching temperature, and 3 h leaching time. In the first precipitation step, the iron and aluminum were first rejected from the solution at pH 5.04. Thereafter, 98.58% Mn was precipitated at pH 10 in the second step. The precipitate was identified as a pyrochroite mineral. After the leaching, the residue was subjected to a carbothermal reduction process conducted at 700 degrees C for 10 min in the presence of no extra reductant. The residue was converted to magnetite mineral, which can be easily recovered by magnetic separation. Based on the experimental results, a flowsheet has been proposed.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 12
Assessment of Rock Aggregate Quality Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
(Springer, 2020) Koken, Ekin; Top, Soner; Ozarslan, Ahmet
The present study aimed to assess rock aggregate quality through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the context of the AHP analyses, four rock types (i.e., andesite, basalt, granodiorite, and gabbro), five evaluation criteria, and several technical requirements/suggestions for coarse aggregates related to bituminous paving mixtures were considered. In order to set over the evaluation criteria, detailed laboratory studies were conducted. For this purpose, various mineralogical, physical, and mechanical aggregate properties were determined for each rock type concerning their weathering grades. As a result of the laboratory studies, it was determined that the rock weathering processes have substantial negative impacts on the rock aggregate properties considered in this study. The AHP analysis results indicated that that different rock types have several advantages concerning various evaluation criteria. Based on the general evaluation point (EP) of the rocks, the gabbros were found to have the highest rock aggregate quality (EP = 0.393). In contrast, the andesites had the lowest quality (EP = 0.069). Besides, the basalts (EP = 0.271) and granodiorites (EP = 0.267) presented approximately the same quality for their use in bituminous pavement mixtures. It was also demonstrated that the AHP, with its specific methodology, can be utilized to represent different environmental and mechanical conditions by changing the relative weight of the evaluation criteria. In this way, the pros and cons of different rock types could be revealed quantitatively, which enables related engineers to select proper rock types for their use under different environmental and mechanical conditions. From this point of view, the present study could be declared a case study noted for combining theoretical and practical approaches on bituminous paving mixtures as a sign of rock aggregate quality.
A Comprehensive Review on the Extraction and Recovery of Lithium from Primary and Secondary Sources: Advances Toward Battery-Grade Materials
(Wiley, 2025) Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Altiner, Mahmut
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies have become indispensable to modern energy systems, driving global demand for high-purity lithium compounds. This review focuses on lithium recovery and purification strategies for battery-grade lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH), addressing both primary sources (brines and minerals) and secondary sources (waste materials). Industrially established processes, such as evaporation-based brine treatment and conventional metallurgical methods, are discussed alongside emerging techniques, including membrane separation, solvent extraction, and CO2-assisted precipitation. Particular attention is given to lithium precipitation mechanisms, the behaviour of co-existing ions during extraction, and the specific quality requirements for cathode material synthesis. By evaluating process scalability, environmental impact, and product purity, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of current practices and future directions. Additionally, it highlights the growing importance of lithium in the context of accelerating electric vehicle (EV) adoption, underscoring the bright and expanding future of the lithium industry.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 22
Ultrasonic-Assisted Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Particles From Desulfurization Gypsum
(Elsevier, 2021) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Kaymakoglu, Burcin
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic application on the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles from desulfurization gypsum via direct mineral carbonation method using conventional and venturi tube reactors in the presence of different alkali sources (NaOH, KOH and NH4OH). The venturi tube was designed to determine the effect of ultrasonication on PCC production. Ultrasonic application was performed three times (before, during, and after PCC production) to evaluate its exact effect on the properties of the PCC particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscope (AFM), specific surface area (SSA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and particle size analyses were performed. Results revealed the strong influence of the reactor types on the nucleation rate of PCC particles. The presence of Na+ or K+ ions in the production resulted in producing PCC particles containing only calcite crystals, while a mixture of vaterite and calcite crystals was observed if NH4+ ions were present. The use of ultrasonic power during PCC production resulted in producing cubic calcite rather than vaterite crystals in the presence of all ions. It was determined that ultrasonic power should be conducted in the venturi tube before PCC production to obtain PCC particles with superior properties (uniform particle size, nanosized crystals, and high SSA value). The resulting PCC particles in this study can be suitably used in paint, paper, and plastic industries according to the ASTM standards.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Selective Leaching of a Mixed Nickel-Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitate in Sulphuric Acid Solution With Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2021) Hussaini, Shokrullah; Ichlas, Zela Tanlega; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Kaya, Muammer
Selective leaching of a mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide precipitate was investigated using potassium permanganate as oxidant in sulfuric acid solution. 94.9% Ni, 50% Co and 0.6% Mn were dissolved under the following conditions: sulfuric acid concentration of 0.75 M, potassium permanganate of 5 g/L, temperature of 30 degrees C, leaching duration of 60 min, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/10, and stirring speed of 400rpm. The pregnant leach solution was subjected to a solvent extraction process. 98% Co and 99% Mn were extracted at pH 4.84 with 30% (v/v) Cyanex 272, leaving essentially all nickel in the raffinate. Based on the experimental results, a flowsheet is proposed.
Leaching of a Complex Zn-Pb Ore in Sulfuric Acid Solution
(2024) Gökçen, Hasan Serkan; Altıner, Mahmut; Kaya, Muammer; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Hussaini, Shokrullah; Ozsarac, Safak
Bu çalışmada Gazipaşa-Aydap kompleks Zn-Pb cevher numunesinin sülfürik asit çözeltisindeki liç davranışı incelenmiştir. Öncelikle cevher örneğinin kimyasal ve mineralojik bileşimleri AAS, ICP-OES, XRF ve XRD analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Cevherin yapısının çok karmaşık olduğu ve yüksek miktarda çinko (%16.4), kurşun (%10.6), demir (%2.6) ve az miktarda bakır (%0.2) içerdiği görülmüştür. 2 M sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu, 25 °C liç sıcaklığı, 1/10 katı/sıvı oranı ve 125 rpm çalkalama hızı parametrelerinde gerçekleştirilen liç işlemi ile %86.7 Zn, %90 Cu ve %25.2 Fe'nin liç çözeltisine alınabileceği saptanmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, liç sıcaklığının arttırılmasının çinko çözünmesi üzerinde yararlı bir etkisinin olmadığını ancak demir çözünmesini önemli ölçüde arttırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Genel olarak çinkonun, kısa bir liç süresi (30 dakika), düşük bir liç sıcaklığı (25 °C), nispeten düşük bir sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu (2 M) ve nispeten yüksek bir katı-sıvı oranı (2/10) kullanılarak kompleks cevherden ekstrakte edilebileceği belirlenmiştir.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Production of High-Grade Antimony Oxide From Smelter Slag via Leaching and Hydrolysis Process
(Elsevier, 2025) Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Aboelgamel, Muhammed; Soylu, Kartal Kaan; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Altiner, Mahmut
This study aimed to investigate the recovery of antimony (Sb) from slag generated in an antimony smelting plant using leaching followed by hydrolysis processes. The leaching behaviors of rare earth elements (REEs) were also examined. The physicochemical properties of the slag were determined using various analytical techniques. The slag (4.12 % Sb) was mainly composed of quartz and minor minerals, including microline, magnetite, heden-bergite, and stibiconite. The Sb types in the slag determined by XPS were found to be in the oxide form. The concentrations of REEs (La, Y, Ce, and Nd) in the slag were 169.21 g/t. Preliminary leaching experiment results indicate that (i) HCl was selected rather than other acids due to its high extraction ability on the Sb from the slag, (ii) a sample with a d50 of <25 mu m should be used, (iii) the slurry should be mixed at 300 rpm. In the following leaching tests, the effects of leaching parameters (HCl acid concentration, amount of tartaric acid, solid-to-liquid ratio, reaction temperature, and time) on the extraction rates of Sb, impurities, and REEs were investigated. At the best leaching conditions (HCl: 8 M, amount of tartaric acid: 1 g/L, stirring speed: 300 rpm, reaction tem-perature: 75 C-degrees, and time: 180 min), the extraction rates of Sb from the slag were determined to be 91.19 %, but the extraction rates of REEs were measured to be <= 50 %. The activation energy (Ea) for Sb leaching was found to be 46.75 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction was governed by the chemically controlled mechanism. In particular, it was understood from the additional experimental results that the leaching procedure should be carried out for 20 h to extract La with an extraction rate of >90 %. However, the extraction rate of Sb was negligible in extended times. It was determined that using tartaric acid positively affected La's leaching mech-anism, and the required leaching time for La decreased to 180 min from 20 h with the increase of tartaric acid from 1 g/L to 6 g/L. Hydrolysis tests were conducted using the Taguchi approach (L32, 2<^>1 4<^>3). The effects of the alkaline type (NH4OH and NaOH), stirring speed (100, 200, 300, and 400 rpm), temperature (50, 60, 70, and 80 C-degrees), and pH (1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3) on the precipitation of Sb from the PLS were investigated. NH4OH was suggested for use in the hydrolysis test to obtain precipitates with higher purities. The product obtained under the optimal conditions comprised 81.43 % Sb, 16.23 % O, and 2.34 % Fe. The product was identified as antimony oxide by XRD
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 8
Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Solution Using a Mechanically Activated Novel Zeolitic Material
(Pleiades Publishing Ltd, 2020) Uckun, Sukru; Sarikaya, Musa; Top, Soner; Timur, Irfan
The removal of heavy metals from the wastewater solution using a novel zeolitic material was conceived and experimentally probed. The natural zeolite was ground in a planetary ball mill to increase negative surface charge and amorphization of the material as well as a conventional ball mill. The ground materials were used for the removal of heavy metals from the wastewater solution. The maximum removals were found to be 78% for Pb, 67% for Ni and 54% for Cd by using the conventional milled natural zeolitic material at pH 11. However, 93% of Pb, 72% of Ni and 57% of Cd were removed at pH 9 with the novel zeolitic material milled by a planetary ball mill. It was revealed that the novel zeolitic material produced by a planetary ball mill increased the absorption capacity of the heavy metals and reduced the alkali requirement for pH adjustment. The removal order of heavy metals with the novel zeolitic material is determined as follows: Pb> Ni>Cd.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 1
A Review on the Recovery of High-Grade Critical Metals From Spent Petroleum Catalysts for Meeting the Demands of Industry 5.0
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2024) Taz, Dilara; Ozsarac, Safak; Kursunoglu, Sait; Kursunoglu, Nilufer; Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut
In solvent extraction studies, various extractants, including TOPO, Alamine 308, TBP, TOA, LIX 84I, LIX 63, and Aliquat 336, were employed for the extraction and separation of vanadium, molybdenum, and cobalt from aqueous solutions of spent petroleum catalysts. Results indicated efficient metal recovery using these extractants. Furthermore, a combination of techniques, such as roasting, chemical or bioleaching, solvent extraction (SX), and precipitation, exhibited promising results in achieving comprehensive metal extraction and separation. Important discoveries have been made in the study of recovering important metals from wasted petroleum catalysts, especially with regard to attaining high metal recovery efficiencies. It is found that the recovery efficiency for manganese is 85%, cobalt is 87%, and nickel is 93%. Furthermore, it shows that this procedure may be carried out with high efficiency, with vanadium recovery surpassing 90% and molybdenum recovery efficiency above 95%. These outcomes signify a significant advancement in the field of metal extraction and separation, aligning with the principles of Industry 5.0 while emphasizing sustainability and efficiency in the production of high-tech materials for the modern era.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Concentration Study of a Specularite Ore via Shaking Table, Reverse Flotation, and Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Separation
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2023) Al-Dhubaibi, Ammar Mahdi Ahmed; Vapur, Huseyin; Top, Soner; Sivrikaya, Osman
Despite the difficulties in pelletizing specularite-type refractory iron ores, the utilization of these resources is indispensable for the steel industry due to the increasing need for iron. This study investigated Fe recovery from a refractory iron ore using gravity separation, reverse flotation, and two-stage magnetic separation. Tilt angle and particle size had a significant effect on the grade and recovery of concentrates in shaking table tests. Gravity concentration at optimum conditions resulted in an iron concentrate with 64.47% Fe grade and 90.73% Fe recovery. In the reverse flotation tests, the frother and depressant substantially affected the Fe grade of concentrates while the collector influenced the Fe recovery. A 90% Fe recovery with 64.69% Fe grade was obtained within optimum flotation conditions. The Fe grades were raised to >67.5% in products after the first magnetic separation. The tailings of the first magnetic separation were subjected to the second magnetic separation after microwave-assisted roasting to increase the magnetic susceptibility. In the second magnetic separation, a concentrate containing 66.06% Fe was separated from the microwave-roasted non-magnetic material with 82.23% Fe recovery. To the best of our knowledge, the microwave-roasting method has been applied to a specularite-type refractory iron ore for the first time.