Browsing by Author "Kourtit, Karima"

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Airbnb and COVID-19: SPACE-TIME vulnerability effects in six world-cities
(Elsevier, 2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Östh, John; Türk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; 0000-0002-4068-8132; 0000-0002-7171-994X; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü
This study examines the COVID-19 vulnerability and subsequent market dynamics in the volatile hospitality market worldwide, by focusing in particular on individual Airbnb bookings-data for six world-cities in various continents over the period January 2020–August 2021. This research was done by: (i) looking into factual survival rates of Airbnb accommodations in the period concerned; (ii) examining place-based impacts of intracity location on the economic performance of Airbnb facilities; (iii) estimating the price responses to the pandemic by means of a hedonic price model. In our statistical analyses based on large volumes of time- and space-varying data, multilevel logistic regression models are used to trace ‘corona survivability footprints’ and to estimate a hedonic price-elasticity-of-demand model. The results reveal hardships for the Airbnb market as a whole as well as a high volatility in prices in most cities. Our study highlights the vulnerability and ‘corona echoeffects’ on Airbnb markets for specific accommodation segments in several large cities in the world. It adds to the tourism literature by testing the geographic distributional impacts of the corona pandemic on customers’ choices regarding type and intra-urban location of Airbnb accommodations.
City love and neighbourhood resilience in the urban fabric: A microcosmic urbanometric analysis of Rotterdam
(ELSEVIER, 2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Wahlstrom, Mia; Türk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; TÜRK, Umut
Ups and downs in city life are dependent on the citizens' appreciation for their urban ‘home’, in particular the neighbourhood liveability. Taking modern research on urban wellbeing and happiness as a point of departure, this study presents and tests a new methodology for assessing the residents' affection for their local neighbourhood. This approach is inspired by the ‘city love’ concept and seeks to examine and decompose city love through an analytical distinction into the ‘body and soul’ of the city. Using a rich multi-period and geographically detailed database on neighbourhoods in the city of Rotterdam, including distinct social capital indicators for analysing social resilience in urban areas, a microcosmic decomposition of objective and subjective socioeconomic information is carried out. On the basis of geo-science visualisation methods and advanced spatial-econometric techniques for handling neighbourhood autocorrelation effects (‘urbanometrics’), a series of explanatory regression analyses is executed in order to identify and explain the determinants of city love at neighbourhood level in Rotterdam. We find that bonding and bridging social capital are prominent in shaping neighbourhood love and social resilience.
City love and place quality assessment of liveable and loveable neighbourhoods in Rotterdam
(2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Türk, Umut; Wahlstrom, Mia; 0000-0002-7171-994X; 0000-0002-4068-8132; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
After the worldwide interest in global sustainability and climate change challenges, an increasing concern is voiced on local quality of life and neighbourhood liveability. In recent urban studies, human well-being, satisfaction and happiness studies are gaining much popularity in a local context (the ‘microcosmic city’). The present study seeks to identify the determinants of the residents’ appreciation for their daily environment, called here ‘city love’. The latter concept captures both tangible or material aspects of city life (‘body’) and immaterial and emotional dimensions of local quality of life (‘soul’). The present paper seeks to develop and test a new quantitative ‘city love’ concept, inspired by the soul and body conceptualisation of urban attractiveness for residents and visitors – based on a novel ‘feelgood’ index (FGI) and a ‘human habitat’ index (HHI) –, with a view to map out the citizens’ contentment or appreciation (called neighbourhood love index – NLI) at a district or neighbourhood scale in the city of Rotterdam. Our study utilises data from a quantitative survey among thousands of residents located in 63 neighbourhoods in this city. In addition, the Rotterdam dataset contains not only survey data, but also register data on these neighbourhoods, e.g., real-estate values, crime statistics, and socio-demographics, while geographical information from OpenStreetMap (OSM) is added as a complement. In addition to a multivariate analysis of the rich data set, the paper employs also a quantile regression analysis extended with fixed effects. The results show that the coefficients of the feelgood index (FGI) and the human habitat index (HHI) decrease slightly as we move up the distribution of the neighbourhood love index (NLI). This means that physical and functional aspects of neighbourhoods, e.g., access to such amenities as public transportation, sport facilities, and also streets with diverse attractions or bikeable and walkable road networks, become more important for the lower end of the distribution of the neighbourhood love index (NLI). Our neighbourhood-specific analyses show that the Rotterdam districts and neighbourhoods differ substantially in many physical and social-emotional respects, which calls for place-based policies and sub-local well-being initiatives.
Cyclists as Intelligent Carriers of Space-Time Environmental Information: Crowd-Sourced Sensor Data for Local Air Quality Measurement and Mobility Analysis in the Netherlands
(Routledge, 2023) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Osth, John; Turk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Turk, Umut
In recent years, slow travel modes (walking, cycling) have gained much interest in the context of urban air quality management. This article presents the findings from a novel air quality measurement experiment in the Netherlands, by regarding cyclists as carriers and transmitters of real-world information on fine-grained air quality conditions. Using individual sensors on bicycles—connected to a GPS positioning system—online local pollution information originating from cyclists’ detailed spatial mobility patterns is obtained. Such air quality surface maps and cyclists’ mobility maps are then used to identify whether there are significant differences between the actual route choice and the cyclists’ shortest route choice, so as to identify the implications of poor air quality conditions for their mobility choices. Thus, the article seeks to present both a detailed pollution surface map and the complex space-time mobility patterns of cyclists in a region, on the basis of online quantitative data—at any point in time and space—from bicycle users in a given locality. In addition, the article estimates their response—in terms of route choice—to detailed air-quality information through the use of a novel geoscience-inspired analysis of spacetime “big data.” The empirical test of our quantitative modeling approach was carried out for the Greater Utrecht area in the Netherlands. Our findings confirm that spatial concentration of air pollutants have great consequences for bike users’ route choice patterns, especially in the case of non-commuting trips. We also find that cyclists make longer trips on weekends and in the evenings, especially towards parks and natural amenities.
Inequality in leisure mobility: An analysis of activity space segregation spectra in the Stockholm conurbation
(ELSEVIER, 2023) Toger, Marina; Türk, Umut; Östh, John; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
Leisure mobility forms an important part of people’s spatial activity and mobility spectrum. This study aims to analyse the inequality dimensions of spatial mobility of individuals who seek to move to recreational and leisure destinations (often ‘green’ and ‘blue’) on designated days. The study traces – through the use of spatially dependent multilevel models – the mobility patterns of people from the greater Stockholm area, using individual pseudonymised mobile phone data and other publicly accessible data. We find significant socio-demographic inequalities in the observed residents’ spatial leisure choices, where less affluent groups display especially low variation in mobility when comparing between weekdays, weekends, vacation season and work-periods.
Is City Love a Success Factor for Neighbourhood Resilience? Results from a Microcosmic Analysis of Rotterdam
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Türk, Umut; Wahlstrom, Mia; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
This study examines and tests the concept of ‘city love’ in the context of social resilience for urban neighbourhoods. It introduces the notion of ‘city body’ and ‘city soul’ so as to create an operational framework for measuring the citizens’ appreciation and attachment for the local neighbourhood. Particular attention is given to the social bonds in urban community networks and language groups. A quantitative statistical analysis is carried out to test the relationships and determinants of city (or neighbourhood) love, based on extensive statistical, survey and social media data on the city of Rotterdam.
Leisure mobility changes during the COVID-19 pandemic – An analysis of survey and mobile phone data in Sweden
(ELSEVIER, 2023) Östh, John; Toger, Marina; Türk, Umut; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
The COVID-19 pandemic affected travelling in general, and the leisure mobility and the spatial distribution of travellers in particular. In most parts of the world, both domestic and international travel has been replaced by restrictive policies and recommendations on mobility. A modal shift from public transport towards private cars and micro-mobility was also observed. This study seeks to trace the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for leisure mobility. We use a unique Swedish database containing daily mobility patterns of pseudonymised mobile phone users, combined with a survey on vacation transport behaviour. By contrasting mobility patterns for selected holiday days during the unaffected summer of 2019 with corresponding dates in 2020 and 2021, we are able to model and detect the pandemic effects on tourism and recreational mobility. Moreover, by identifying the general mobility patterns, we analyse whether and how the transport mode has changed. Using data on the spatial distribution of recreational amenities, we identify locations that were favoured during the pandemic. In Sweden, even though the pandemic decreased in spread and severity during the summers, most travel restrictions were still enforced, international vacations uncommon, and larger vacation spots, such as amusement parks and cultural institutions, were closed down. Swedish vacation homes in remote or rural areas were quickly booked. This change in recreational behaviour, where less populated areas, open air and nature recreation were favoured over indoor or crowded urban cultural activities, was more substantial in 2021 than in 2020. This result shows how policies can effectively be developed, so that Swedes respond properly to recommendations and adjust their vacation plans. © 2023 The Authors
The path of least resistance explaining tourist mobility patterns in destination areas using Airbnb data
(ELSEVIER SCI LTDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND, 2021) Turk, Umut; Osth, John; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Turk, Umut
Destination attractiveness research has become an important research domain in leisure and tourism economics. But the mobility behaviour of visitors in relation to local public transport access in tourist places is not yet well understood. The present paper seeks to fill this research gap by studying the attractiveness profile of 25 major tourist destination places in the world by means of a 'big data' analysis of the drivers of visitors' mobility behaviour and the use of public transport in these tourist places. We introduce the principle of 'the path of least resistance' to explain and model the spatial behaviour of visitors in these 25 global destination cities. We combine a spatial hedonic price model with geoscience techniques to better understand the place-based drivers of mobility patterns of tourists. In our empirical analysis, we use an extensive and rich database combining millions of Airbnb listings originating from the Airbnb platform, and complemented with TripAdvisor platform data and OpenStreetMap data. We first estimate the effect of the quality of the Airbnb listings, the surrounding tourist amenities, and the distance to specific urban amenities on the listed Airbnb prices. In a second step of the multilevel modelling procedure, we estimate the differential impact of accessibility to public transport on the quoted Airbnb prices of the tourist accommodations. The findings confirm the validity of our conceptual framework on 'the path of least resistance' for the spatial behaviour of tourists in destination places.
Rural Feet Voting of Leisure Explorers
(WILEY Online Library, 2025) Turk, Umut; Toger, Marina; Osth, John; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Turk, Umut
In the COVID-19 period, spatial leisure behavior, often driven by the desire to escape urban life, reflected health and environmental concerns. This study examines how pandemic-induced spatial motives and changes impacted disparities in leisure mobility, specifically urban-to-rural tourism, in Sweden. Analyzing pre-pandemic, during pandemic, and post-pandemic periods, using anonymized mobile phone and socioeconomic data, the paper explores urban-rural leisure mobility variations. Despite a decline in professional geographical mobility, mainly of people in affluent urban areas, due to remote work, the spatial leisure activities remained rather stable? Our findings, based on a negative binomial regression analysis, reveal also exacerbated socioeconomic segregation in recreational trips. The disruption in mobility accessibility due to COVID-19 appears to amplify existing socioeconomic disparities, notably in urban-to-rural leisure travel. Our research sheds new light on the widening gap in geographical leisure activities, emphasizing the need for equitable access to nonurban destinations.
Special issue on ‘The city 2.0 – Smart People, Places and Planning’
(ELSEVIER, 2022) Nijkamp, Peter; Kourtit, Karima; Turk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
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Sustainable development goals: People and places chose what they do not have
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2023) Dentinho, Tomaz Ponce; Kopczewska, Katarzyna; de Francesco, Giovanni; Pascariu, Gabriela Carmen; Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Kurowska-Pysz, Joanna; Marques, João Lourenço; Viñuela, Ana; Türk, Umut; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Türk, Umut
Sustainable development goals: People and places chose what they do not have
Using Individualised HDI Measures for Predicting Educational Performance of Young Students-A Swedish Case Study
(MDPIST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2021) Turk, Umut; Osth, John; Toger, Marina; Kourtit, Karima; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Turk, Umut
HDI is a frequently used quantitative index of human potential and welfare, developed as a comprehensive measure for the cross-sectional and temporal comparison of socioeconomic performance. The HDI is a standardised quantitative estimation of welfare comprising indicators of health, knowledge and standard of living, enabling assessment over countries, regions or time periods, in case of limited data access. The index highlights critical conditions for equity and socioeconomic development outside the group of stakeholders and researchers. The HDI provides a learning potential that may be harnessed to enhance insights into the magnitude of human potential at super-local levels. In this paper we design, implement and test the validity of a super-local variant of HDI in the context of pedagogical performance of young pupils. We compare whether HDI is a good predictor for school grades among all ninth-grade students in Sweden during the year 2014. Our results show that a super-local HDI index is performing equal to or better than the one related to standard measures of human potential, while the index can be generated on individual levels using k-nearest neighbour approaches during the index creation process.
Villages in the City – Urban Planning for Neighbourhood Love
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Kourtit, Karima; Nijkamp, Peter; Turk, Umut; Wahlström, Mia; 0000-0002-8440-7048; AGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü; Turk, Umut
The city comprises of a wide variety of heterogeneous territorial units (e.g. districts or neighbourhoods). In many – especially larger – cities, social capital assets (like community bonds) are mirrored at the level of neighbourhoods which form the home for many sociocultural communities or distinct socio-economic classes. We postulate in this study that the big city is essentially an ‘archipelago’ made up of ‘urban villages’. We analyse the residents' perceived attractiveness regarding their daily local neighbourhood by introducing the concept of ‘village love’ (or ‘neighbourhood love’), inspired by the recent literature on ‘city love’ (comprising ‘body’, ‘soul’ and ‘community’ constituents of urban life). Based on an extensive and detailed multi-annual database for all neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the present paper seeks to identify the background factors shaping ‘village love’ in the city, with particular attention to the citizens' subjective appreciation for and access to a great variety of (physical and immaterial) urban amenities shaping the place-based satisfaction of residents. The theoretical framing of our research resembles the basics of traditional central place theory here transmitted to the urban space in which local proximity to amenities plays a key role. A wide array of relevant amenities impacting on the place-specific well-being feelings (‘village love’) of residents in various neighbourhoods in the city of Rotterdam is distinguished using inter alia-rich multi-annual survey data. This approach is empirically tested and verified by means of LISA statistics and advanced spatial econometric dependence models (‘urbanometrics’). The findings confirm the usefulness of a central place interpretation of ‘urban village love’ in the city.