Browsing by Author "Isik, Yunus Emre"

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Comparative analysis of machine learning approaches for predicting respiratory virus infection and symptom severity
(PEERJ INC, 2023) Aydin, Zafer; Isik, Yunus Emre; 0000-0001-7686-6298; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Aydin, Zafer
Respiratory diseases are among the major health problems causing a burden on hospitals. Diagnosis of infection and rapid prediction of severity without time-consuming clinical tests could be beneficial in preventing the spread and progression of the disease, especially in countries where health systems remain incapable. Personalized medicine studies involving statistics and computer technologies could help to address this need. In addition to individual studies, competitions are also held such as Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods (DREAM) challenge which is a community-driven organization with a mission to research biology, bioinformatics, and biomedicine. One of these competitions was the Respiratory Viral DREAM Challenge, which aimed to develop early predictive biomarkers for respiratory virus infections. These efforts are promising, however, the prediction performance of the computational methods developed for detecting respiratory diseases still has room for improvement. In this study, we focused on improving the performance of predicting the infection and symptom severity of individuals infected with various respiratory viruses using gene expression data collected before and after exposure. The publicly available gene expression dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus, named GSE73072, containing samples exposed to four respiratory viruses (H1N1, H3N2, human rhinovirus (HRV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) was used as input data. Various preprocessing methods and machine learning algorithms were implemented and compared to achieve the best prediction performance. The experimental results showed that the proposed approaches obtained a prediction performance of 0.9746 area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) for infection (i.e., shedding) prediction (SC-1), 0.9182 AUPRC for symptom class prediction (SC-2), and 0.6733 Pearson correlation for symptom score prediction (SC-3) by outperforming the best leaderboard scores of Respiratory Viral DREAM Challenge (a 4.48% improvement for SC-1, a 13.68% improvement for SC-2, and a 13.98% improvement for SC-3). Additionally, over-representation analysis (ORA), which is a statistical method for objectively determining whether certain genes are more prevalent in pre-defined sets such as pathways, was applied using the most significant genes selected by feature selection methods. The results show that pathways associated with the ‘adaptive immune system’ and ‘immune disease’ are strongly linked to pre-infection and symptom development. These findings contribute to our knowledge about predicting respiratory infections and are expected to facilitate the development of future studies that concentrate on predicting not only infections but also the associated symptoms.
Comparison of Machine Learning Classifiers for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction
(IEEE, 2018) Aydin, Zafer; Kaynar, Oguz; Gormez, Yasin; Isik, Yunus Emre; 0000-0001-7686-6298; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü; Aydin, Zafer
Proteinlerin üç boyutlu yapılarının tahmin edilmesi teorik kimya ve biyoenformatik için önemli problemlerden biridir. Protein yapı tahmininin en önemli aşamalarından biri ise ikincil yapı tahminidir. Protein veritabanlarındaki verilerin hızlı artışı ve yakın zamanda geliştirilen farklı öznitelik çıkarma yöntemleri neticesinde ikincil yapı tahmini için kullanılan veri setleri boyut ve örnek sayısı bakımından büyümektedir. Bu nedenle hızlı çalışan ve belirli bir doğruluk oranını sahip tahmin algoritmaların kullanılması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada iki aşamalı hibrit bir sınıflandırıcının ikinci aşaması için çeşitli sınıflama algoritmaları, EVAset veri seti kullanılarak hem orijinal boyutlu uzayda hem de bilgi kazancı metriği ile boyutu düşürülen uzayda optimize edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda en başarılı tahmin yöntemi destek vektör makinası olurken model eğitme süresi bakımından en hızlı yöntem aşırı öğrenme makinası olarak elde edilmiştir.
The Identification of Discriminative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Sets for the Classification of Behcet's Disease
(IEEE, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA, 2018) Gormez, Yasin; Isik, Yunus Emre; Bakir-Gungor, Burcu; 0000-0002-2272-6270; AGÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Behcet's disease is a long-term multisystem inflammatory disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks affecting several organs. As the genotyping individuals get cheaper and easier following the developments in genomic technologies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) emerged. By this means, via studying big-sized case-control groups for a specific disease, potential genetic variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are identified. Although several genetic risk factors are identified for Behcet's disease with the help of these studies via scanning around a million of SNPs, these variations could only explain up to 200/u of the disease's genetic risk. In this study, for Behcet's disease classification, via comparing all the SNPs genotyped in GWAS, with the SNPs selected via using genetic knowledge, gain ratio and information gain; both reduction in the feature size and improvement in the classification accuracy is aimed. Also, using different classification algorithms such as random forest, k-nearest neighbour and logistic regression, their effects on the classification accuracy are investigated. Our results showed that compared to other feature selection methods, with at least 81% success rate, the selection of the SNPs using the genetic information (of their GWAS p-values, indicating the significance of the SNP against the disease) provides 15% to 42% improvement in all classification algorithms. This improvement is statistically sound. While gain ratio and information gain feature selection techniques yield similar classification accuracies, the models using all SNPs could not exceed 50% accuracies and results in the worst performance.