Browsing by Author "Altiner, Mahmut"

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A Comprehensive Review on the Extraction and Recovery of Lithium from Primary and Secondary Sources: Advances Toward Battery-Grade Materials
(Wiley, 2025) Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Altiner, Mahmut
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies have become indispensable to modern energy systems, driving global demand for high-purity lithium compounds. This review focuses on lithium recovery and purification strategies for battery-grade lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH), addressing both primary sources (brines and minerals) and secondary sources (waste materials). Industrially established processes, such as evaporation-based brine treatment and conventional metallurgical methods, are discussed alongside emerging techniques, including membrane separation, solvent extraction, and CO2-assisted precipitation. Particular attention is given to lithium precipitation mechanisms, the behaviour of co-existing ions during extraction, and the specific quality requirements for cathode material synthesis. By evaluating process scalability, environmental impact, and product purity, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of current practices and future directions. Additionally, it highlights the growing importance of lithium in the context of accelerating electric vehicle (EV) adoption, underscoring the bright and expanding future of the lithium industry.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 3
Beneficiation of Low-Grade Iron Ore Using a Dry-Roll Magnetic Separator and Its Modeling via Artificial Neural Network
(Springer, 2025) Fariss, Abdourahman Hassan Brahim; Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Ozdemir, Ali Can; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Altiner, Mahmut
The beneficiation of low-grade iron ore (39.5% Fe-(T) grade) using a dry-roll magnetic separator was investigated. The ore was characterized using Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA). It was determined that the ore was composed of iron oxide (goethite and hematite), quartz, chlorite, muscovite, plagioclase, and other minerals. The effect of particle size (PS, - 1 + 0.500 mm, - 0.500 + 0.300 mm, and - 0.300 + 0.125 mm), splitter position (SP, 43 degrees and 58 degrees), cleaning stage (CS, 1 and 2), conveyor speed (CoS, 3, 5, and 7 Hz), magnetic field strength (MFS, 0.2 T and 0.4 T) on the recovery of the magnetic product was investigated. Experimental results show that the product (- 1 + 0.500 mm) with the Fe-(T) grade of 67.67% can be obtained, but its recovery was not at an acceptable value (< 30%). Furthermore, the Fe-(T) grade of the product (- 0.500 + 0.300 and - 0.300 + 0.125 mm) could not reach satisfactory levels. The artificial neural network (ANN) method was conducted on the results of experimental studies. Three different training algorithms were employed for modeling, and their performance was assessed using statistical evaluation criteria. The results demonstrate that Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm exhibited better performance compared to others in predicting both Fe(T) grade and recovery rate during the testing phase. These findings support the notion that ANN algorithms can be a powerful modeling and prediction tool in the field of mineral processing.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
Characterization of Nickel in Chromite Beneficiation Tailings by Mineral Liberation Analysis and Its Recovery by H2SO4 Leaching Followed by Oxalic Acid Precipitation
(Springer, 2024) Altiner, Mahmut; Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Kursunoglu, Sait; Top, Soner; Bayat, Oktay
This study investigated the recovery of nickel from tailings (0.2% Ni) obtained in a chromite beneficiation plant using H2SO4 leaching followed by oxalic acid precipitation. The tailings were characterized using mineral liberation analysis. Ni was found as Fe-Ni, Fe-Ni-Co sulfide minerals, which were encapsulated in serpentine, olivine, pyroxene and clinochlore. Liberated fine chromite minerals benefited from magnetic separation followed by Falcon concentrator. A chromite product with a grade > 37% was obtained. The effect of leaching conditions including acid concentration, temperature, time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the leaching behavior of Ni was investigated based on the Taguchi approach. It was possible to extract Ni with a rate of > 98% from the tailings using the following conditions: H2SO4 concentration of 3 M, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 and ambient temperature for 2 h. Finally, Ni was precipitated as an oxalate form with a precipitation rate of 72%. It is believed that implementing additional purification methods like solvent extraction may be essential to obtain a high-purity nickel product from the leach solution of oxalate precipitate. Experimental results indicate that the tailings used in this study are a good alternative as Ni resource in the near future.
A Distinctive Determination of Circular Nozzles in Downcomer for Column Flotation
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2023) Vapur, Huseyin; Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut
This study aims to recover clean coal from valuable hard coal tailings (HCT), which have been used as solid fuels in a thermal power plant, through convenient conditions. The effective diameters of circular nozzles on the recovery of HCT were investigated by using the Jameson cell (JC) as the main purpose. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine the type and dosages of the collector and frother. The JC test results were evaluated by Yates and Box Behnken based on ANOVA analysis, statistically. It was observed that 3,000 g/ton of diesel oil, 300 g/ton of MIBC, 100 g/ton of Na2SiO3, and 60 cm of downcomer depth were found applicable levels of parameters. The decrease of the diameter increased the venturi effect of downcomer which provided the best recovery ratio of 97.79%. Besides, the results of kinetic models were obtained with desired efficiencies (CR infinity = 94.77%, k(coal) = 1.20, R-2 = 0.98 and SI = 2.40). The best diameter was 5 cm supplied a short time and high carrying capacity (CC) for concentrate.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Extraction of Lanthanum and Cerıum from a Bastnasite Ore By Direct Acidic Leaching
(Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 2020) Kursunoglu, Sait; Top, S.; Hussaini, Shokrullah; Gokcen, H. S.; Altiner, Mahmut; Ozsarac, Safak; Kaya, Muammer
The extraction of lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) from a bastnasite ore by direct acidic leaching was investigated. The effects of acid concentration and leaching temperature on the extraction of La and Ce from the ore were tested. Using nitric (NHO3), more than 85% of the La and Ce were simultaneously extracted into leach solution whereas the La and Ce dissolutions were determined as less than 85% by using sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The La dissolution exceeded 90% by using hydrochloric acid (HCl); however, the Ce dissolution remained below 85% under the following conditions: solid-to-liquid ratio of 20% (w/v), the acid concentration of 20%, leaching temperature of 25°C and leaching time of 1 h. The result revealed that HNO3 could be used as a solvent for the maximum simultaneous extraction of the La and Ce from the bastnasite ore. The leaching temperature had no crucial effect on the dissolution of La and Ce when HNO3 or HCl solutions were preferred as a solvating agent. However, the leaching temperature had a slight positive effect on the dissolutions of La and Ce when H2SO4 was used as a solvent. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Investigation of the Beneficiation of Low Grade Manganese Ores
(Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey maden@maden.org.tr, 2013) Bayat, Oktay; Altiner, Mahmut; Top, S.
In this study, beneficiation of low grade manganese ores was investigated by applying high intensity dry magnetic separation, MGS (Multi Gravity Separator) and flotation methods. Manganese grades of the ores were 25.65% Mn and 13.96% Mn taken from Antalya and Kayseri regions, respectively. Flotation and magnetic separation recoveries of both tested samples were low and the grades of the concentrates were less than 45% Mn. Similar results were also observed using a lab-type MGS but a concentrate could be obtained with 41.24% Mn and 78.71% recovery for manganese ores taken from Antalya region. © 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Lead Blast Furnace Dust Recycling
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Top, S.; Altiner, Mahmut; Kursunoglu, Sait
The recycling of lead (Pb), which has a limited reserve in the world, has great importance in terms of sustainable and efficient use of resources. Currently, more than half of the lead, which is the softest of base heavy metals, is recovered by recycling. In addition to the insulation of the cables and its use as a radiation shield, lead is mostly used in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries (LABs). Generally, lead smelting flue dust, also known as lead smelting fly ashes, formed during the smelting stage in secondary Pb production is fed back into the smelter. However, the impurities contained in this dust and the other required specifications for feeding into the furnace prevent dust from being fed back into the furnaces. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate these by-products with an effective process and to obtain valuable content from them. In this chapter, firstly the characterization of lead smelting flue dust has been investigated. Afterwards, the processes that can be applied to obtain contents such as Pb, Sb, Zn, and As from these materials were compiled from the literature and a comprehensive review study was presented. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Manganzı Demir Cevherinden Manganın Çözündürülmesinde Farklı İndirgeme Maddelerinin Etkisi
(Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 2022) Top, S.; Altiner, Mahmut; Kursunoglu, Sait
IIn this paper, the manganese extraction from a manganiferous iron ore was investigated using reductive leaching. Various chemicals were used as a reducing agent to leach manganese selectively from the ore in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Firstly, optimum dissolution values were determined for selective manganese dissolution without using a reducing agent. As it was aimed at the selective extraction of manganese from the ore, the reductive leaching tests were conducted by adding the reducing agents under the following optimal parameters: a leaching time of 1 h, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, a temperature of 70°C, a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M where the ore was leached with an extraction ratio of 11.54% Mn and 2.16% Fe. Manganese was dissolved with high efficiencies (up to 97.46%) from the ore by using different organic compounds (tartaric acid (C4H6O6), oxalic acid (C2H2O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), glucose (C6H12O6), sucrose (C12H22O11), and maleic acid (C4H4O4)) as the reducing agents. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 25
Production of Alpha-Alumina from Black Aluminum Dross Using NaOh Leaching Followed by Calcination
(Springer, 2020) Turk, Murat; Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Karaca, Serkan; Bouchekrit, Chafia
The aim of this work is to produce alpha-alumina particles from aluminum (Al) dross via leaching-precipitation-calcination processes. In the leaching test, the effects of parameters such as the temperature, NaOH concentration, and time were investigated based on the Taguchi approach. In addition, the effect of the particle size on the Al extraction rate was determined. The Al extraction rate ranged from 78.64% to 93.11% and from 78.35% to 91.99% for ground dross and as-received dross, respectively. In the precipitation test, the pH of the leachate solution was decreased using HCl to remove Al ions as Al hydroxide precipitate. The precipitate was calcined at 1000 degrees C to 1200 degrees C for 270 min. The morphological and polymorphic properties of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental findings indicated that the calcination temperature and stabilization time were critical for producing alpha-alumina particles rather than other polymorphs.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
Production of High-Grade Antimony Oxide From Smelter Slag via Leaching and Hydrolysis Process
(Elsevier, 2025) Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Aboelgamel, Muhammed; Soylu, Kartal Kaan; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Altiner, Mahmut
This study aimed to investigate the recovery of antimony (Sb) from slag generated in an antimony smelting plant using leaching followed by hydrolysis processes. The leaching behaviors of rare earth elements (REEs) were also examined. The physicochemical properties of the slag were determined using various analytical techniques. The slag (4.12 % Sb) was mainly composed of quartz and minor minerals, including microline, magnetite, heden-bergite, and stibiconite. The Sb types in the slag determined by XPS were found to be in the oxide form. The concentrations of REEs (La, Y, Ce, and Nd) in the slag were 169.21 g/t. Preliminary leaching experiment results indicate that (i) HCl was selected rather than other acids due to its high extraction ability on the Sb from the slag, (ii) a sample with a d50 of <25 mu m should be used, (iii) the slurry should be mixed at 300 rpm. In the following leaching tests, the effects of leaching parameters (HCl acid concentration, amount of tartaric acid, solid-to-liquid ratio, reaction temperature, and time) on the extraction rates of Sb, impurities, and REEs were investigated. At the best leaching conditions (HCl: 8 M, amount of tartaric acid: 1 g/L, stirring speed: 300 rpm, reaction tem-perature: 75 C-degrees, and time: 180 min), the extraction rates of Sb from the slag were determined to be 91.19 %, but the extraction rates of REEs were measured to be <= 50 %. The activation energy (Ea) for Sb leaching was found to be 46.75 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction was governed by the chemically controlled mechanism. In particular, it was understood from the additional experimental results that the leaching procedure should be carried out for 20 h to extract La with an extraction rate of >90 %. However, the extraction rate of Sb was negligible in extended times. It was determined that using tartaric acid positively affected La's leaching mech-anism, and the required leaching time for La decreased to 180 min from 20 h with the increase of tartaric acid from 1 g/L to 6 g/L. Hydrolysis tests were conducted using the Taguchi approach (L32, 2<^>1 4<^>3). The effects of the alkaline type (NH4OH and NaOH), stirring speed (100, 200, 300, and 400 rpm), temperature (50, 60, 70, and 80 C-degrees), and pH (1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3) on the precipitation of Sb from the PLS were investigated. NH4OH was suggested for use in the hydrolysis test to obtain precipitates with higher purities. The product obtained under the optimal conditions comprised 81.43 % Sb, 16.23 % O, and 2.34 % Fe. The product was identified as antimony oxide by XRD
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 9
Production of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles From a Manganiferous Iron Ore via Reductive Leaching, Precipitation, and Calcination
(Elsevier, 2022) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Bouchekrit, Chafia; Kursunoglu, Sait
The synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles from a manganiferous iron ore through reductive leaching, precipitation, and calcination was investigated. The reductive leaching results showed that Mn (99.9%) was almost completely extracted into the leaching solution along with a substantial amount of Mg (99.9%), Al (99.5%), Ca (80%), and Fe (22.9%) under the following conditions: 30 g/L tartaric acid as a reducing agent, 1 M HCl solution, leaching temperature of 90 ?, and leaching duration of 3 h. In the first precipitation step, Fe and Al were expelled from the pregnant leach solution by the addition of NaOH prior to conducting the precipitation experiments for the production of manganese carbonate (MnCO3) particles from the purified solution. In the second precipitation step, MnCO3 particles were produced using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the precipitating agent. The effects of parameters such as reaction temperature, Na2CO3 concentration, and experimental duration were investigated using the Taguchi approach. Manganse(II) was precipitated in the form of MnCO3 particles (97.4%) under the following conditions: a temperature of 30 ?C, Na2CO3 concentration of 0.014 mol/L, and duration of 30 min. The precipitate was observed to have a structure similar to that of rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Thermogravimetric/ differential thermal analyses were subsequently performed in three different atmospheres (air, oxygen, and nitrogen) to select a suitable atmosphere for calcination. The experimental results indicated the formation of hausmannite (Mn3O4) with a purity of 97.5% Mn3O4, 0.42% MgO, 1.66% CaO, and 0.34% FeO. The specific surface area, particle size, Curie temperature, magnetisation, coercivity, and remanence ratio of the final product obtained via 3 h of calcination at 350 C were estimated to be 133.3 m(2)/g, < 142.2 nm, 56 K, 10.10 Am-2/kg, 0.35 T, and 0.19, respectively. The characterisation results revealed the excellent low-temperature ferromagnetic properties of the produced Mn3O4 nanoparticles.
Citation - WoS: 31
Citation - Scopus: 40
Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Particles from Gypsum Waste Using Venturi Tubes as a Carbonation Zone
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Kaymakoglu, Burcin; Seckin, Ismail Yigit; Vapur, Huseyin
In this study, we investigated the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles from desulfurization gypsum (DG) waste using a new experimental apparatus that is divided into two main parts: carbonation and stabilization zones. The solution was circulated via a pump from the stabilization zone to the carbonation zone where different types of Venturi tube were used for the reaction of CO2 with solution to produce PCC particles. The effects of CO2 flow rate, circulation rate, and Venturi types on the properties of the produced PCC particles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analyses. The conductivity and pH values of the solution were monitored during the carbonation. In addition, the reactivity of selected PCC was determined to evaluate its use as a sorbent in a desulfurization unit. The experimental results indicate that the Venturi tube had a strong effect on the reaction time and properties of PCC particles. The use of a Venturi tube resulted in a decrease in the time required for producing PCC particles, which were smooth, well-crystallized, and nano-sized cubic crystals. However, when no Venturi tube was used, hollow spherical crystals formed along with cubic crystals. It was found that the reactivity of selected PCC particles produced using Venturi tube was rather higher (52x10(-4) min(-1)), indicating that the PCC can be used as a sorbent in the desulfurization unit.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Properties of Alkali-Activated Lightweight Concrete
(Elsevier, 2021) Top, S.; Altiner, Mahmut; Vapur, Hüseyin
This chapter presents a brief overview of the properties of alkali-activated lightweight concrete. Nowadays, the production of lightweight concrete has great attentions due to its extraordinary advantages such as reduced mass, improved sound and thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, the low gas emissions and the utilization of waste materials increase the importance of alkali-activated lightweight concrete. In this chapter, the strengths of lightweight concrete were examined by considering the aggregate type and density, the alkali activator type and concentration, the type of fiber reinforcements and foaming agents, which are the factors that have the most impact on the strengths. Thermal conductivity, fire resistance, acoustic performance, and durability properties have been explained considering the key points in the literature. In addition to porosity, it has been determined that one of the most important factors directly affecting the fire resistance is the precursor type. It has been concluded that the fire resistance of the concrete prepared by using K-based precursors is higher. Acoustic performances of alkali-activated lightweight concrete vary. It is necessary to use a high amount of aggregate in order to obtain concretes with wide frequency ranges and high absorption coefficient. Contrary to concrete produced from Portland cement, alkali-activated concrete is more resistant to acid and sulfate attacks, since the formation of gypsum and strength is less. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 70
Citation - Scopus: 80
Properties of Fly Ash-Based Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete Prepared Using Pumice and Expanded Perlite as Aggregates
(Elsevier, 2020) Top, Soner; Vapur, Huseyin; Altiner, Mahmut; Kaya, Dogan; Ekicibil, Ahmet
The present paper aims to utilize the fly ash wastes with lightweight aggregates for geopolymer concrete production process in which sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkali activators, respectively. The designed experiments were examined by the Yates Analyses and so the productions of geopolymer concrete were investigated depending on curing temperature, solid/liquid rate and concentration of alkali activators. The curing temperature and alkali activator concentration were revealed as effective parameters in geopolymerization. The effects of expanded perlite (EP) and acidic pumice (AP) aggregates were discovered for the production of lightweight geopolymer concretes. The microstructural properties of each produced geopolymer concrete were characterized using SEM, EDS and laser particle size analyses. The specifications of the concrete were evaluated based on their uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), point load strength (PLS), sonic speed (SS), Mohs hardness (MH), and water absorption (WAR) ratio results. In addition, the effects of pre-wetting of EP aggregates, which have hydrophilic nature, were examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that pre-wetted lightweight EP aggregates were used to produce lightweight GP concretes. As a result of pre-wetting, chemical usage decreased by 32.5%. The UCSs of the lightweight geopolymer concretes were in a range of 10-50MPa and their unit weights changed between 1250 and 1700 kg/m(3). Lighter concretes were obtained by the addition of EP aggregates rather than AP ones. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
Recovery of Lithium From Spent Coin-Type Lithium Manganese Dioxide Cr Cells by Acidic Leaching in the Presence of Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant
(Springer, 2023) Kursunoglu, Sait; Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut; Ozsarac, Safak; Kaya, Muammer
The selective leaching of lithium from spent coin-type lithium manganese dioxide CR cells by oxidative leaching and precipitation of Li2CO3 from Li-bearing leach solution has been experimentally and theoretically investigated. The oxidative leaching experiments were carried out using sulfuric acid in the presence of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The dissolutions of lithium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt were found to be 84.8%, 0.9%, 46.6%, and 9.7%, respectively. The results demonstrated that a considerable amount of manganese and cobalt remained in the leach residue. The Li-bearing leach solution was fed to an impurity removal stage. It was observed that a substantial amount of lithium loss, along with manganese, nickel, and cobalt, was determined at pH 10. At standard temperature and pressure, the species of lithium as a function of pH, lithium concentration, and carbonate concentration was evaluated for the generation of Li2CO3 from the oxidative leach solution. The results revealed that the precipitation of lithium as lithium carbonate is thermodynamically feasible from the solution at high pHs.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Recovery of Vanadium and Nickel From a High Caco3 Containing Petroleum Coke Ash by Roasting and Acidic Leaching
(Springer, 2023) Yurtseven, Ozgun; Ibrahim, Ahmedaljaali Ibrahim Idrees; Top, Soner; Kursunoglu, Sait; Altiner, Mahmut
In this study, it was aimed to extract vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) from a petroleum coke ash (PCA) using a roasting process without additives, followed by leaching with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The experiments were designed based on the Taguchi approach, taking into account the parameters of temperature, acid concentration, time, and solid ratio. Additional leaching tests were conducted on the non-roasted PCA for comparison, to assess the effect of roasting on the extractions of V and Ni. The results showed that no extra reducing agent was needed as the PCA contained high levels of CaCO3, which could be used as a reducing agent during roasting. It was found that roasting was essential for high Ni extractions, but had no strong effects on V extractions. The Ni extraction was found to be between 13.3 and 80.8% for the non-roasted PCA and between 43.6 and 99.3% for the roasted PCA. The V extraction was between 36 and 97.9% for the non-roasted PCA and between 45.4 and 99.9% for the roasted PCA. The optimal leaching conditions were determined to be a sulfuric acid of 4.5 M, a solid ratio of 10%, a temperature of 75 degrees C, and a time of 75 min. In addition, it was determined that the leaching conditions had a great effect on the oxidation state of vanadium ions, and an increase in the acid concentration led to the formation of V3+ ions (green color) instead of VO2+ ions (blue color) in the pregnant leach solution. The final pregnant leach solution containing 1056.50 mg/L V, and 251.85 mg/L Ni was achieved with an extraction yields of > 98%. The experimental results were greatly fitted by the shrinking core model and the activation energy (E-a) for V and Ni was calculated as 3.60 and 4.01 kJ/mol, indicating that the leaching mechanism can be explained by the diffusion control model.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
A Review on the Recovery of High-Grade Critical Metals From Spent Petroleum Catalysts for Meeting the Demands of Industry 5.0
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2024) Taz, Dilara; Ozsarac, Safak; Kursunoglu, Sait; Kursunoglu, Nilufer; Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut
In solvent extraction studies, various extractants, including TOPO, Alamine 308, TBP, TOA, LIX 84I, LIX 63, and Aliquat 336, were employed for the extraction and separation of vanadium, molybdenum, and cobalt from aqueous solutions of spent petroleum catalysts. Results indicated efficient metal recovery using these extractants. Furthermore, a combination of techniques, such as roasting, chemical or bioleaching, solvent extraction (SX), and precipitation, exhibited promising results in achieving comprehensive metal extraction and separation. Important discoveries have been made in the study of recovering important metals from wasted petroleum catalysts, especially with regard to attaining high metal recovery efficiencies. It is found that the recovery efficiency for manganese is 85%, cobalt is 87%, and nickel is 93%. Furthermore, it shows that this procedure may be carried out with high efficiency, with vanadium recovery surpassing 90% and molybdenum recovery efficiency above 95%. These outcomes signify a significant advancement in the field of metal extraction and separation, aligning with the principles of Industry 5.0 while emphasizing sustainability and efficiency in the production of high-tech materials for the modern era.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Separation of Mn and Fe From a Manganiferous Iron Ore Using Horse Dung as Reductant: A Zero Waste Approach
(Springer, 2022) Top, Soner; Altiner, Mahmut; Kursunoglu, Sait
The separation of manganese and iron from a manganiferous iron ore using horse dung (biomass) as reductant was investigated in a sulfuric acid solution, and 99.80% Mn and 17.76% Fe were extracted into the solution under these leaching conditions: 1 M sulphuric acid concentration, 120 g/L biomass, 1/10 solid to liquid ratio, 300 rev/min stirring speed, 90 degrees C leaching temperature, and 3 h leaching time. In the first precipitation step, the iron and aluminum were first rejected from the solution at pH 5.04. Thereafter, 98.58% Mn was precipitated at pH 10 in the second step. The precipitate was identified as a pyrochroite mineral. After the leaching, the residue was subjected to a carbothermal reduction process conducted at 700 degrees C for 10 min in the presence of no extra reductant. The residue was converted to magnetite mineral, which can be easily recovered by magnetic separation. Based on the experimental results, a flowsheet has been proposed.
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 20
Ultrasonic-Assisted Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Particles From Desulfurization Gypsum
(Elsevier, 2021) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, Soner; Kaymakoglu, Burcin
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic application on the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles from desulfurization gypsum via direct mineral carbonation method using conventional and venturi tube reactors in the presence of different alkali sources (NaOH, KOH and NH4OH). The venturi tube was designed to determine the effect of ultrasonication on PCC production. Ultrasonic application was performed three times (before, during, and after PCC production) to evaluate its exact effect on the properties of the PCC particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscope (AFM), specific surface area (SSA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and particle size analyses were performed. Results revealed the strong influence of the reactor types on the nucleation rate of PCC particles. The presence of Na+ or K+ ions in the production resulted in producing PCC particles containing only calcite crystals, while a mixture of vaterite and calcite crystals was observed if NH4+ ions were present. The use of ultrasonic power during PCC production resulted in producing cubic calcite rather than vaterite crystals in the presence of all ions. It was determined that ultrasonic power should be conducted in the venturi tube before PCC production to obtain PCC particles with superior properties (uniform particle size, nanosized crystals, and high SSA value). The resulting PCC particles in this study can be suitably used in paint, paper, and plastic industries according to the ASTM standards.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Waste Lead-Acid Battery Recycling Technologies
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Altiner, Mahmut; Top, S.; Kursunoglu, Sait
The growing of collected waste lead-acid battery quantity means the growing demand for secondary lead (Pb) material for car batteries, both needed for increased cars’ production and for replacing of waste batteries for the increased number of automobiles in service. Pb recycling is critical to keep pace with growing energy storage needs. In recent years, tightening emission regulations have forced many developed country smelters to close. This has driven battery manufacturers and distributors to increasingly rely upon unregulated smelting operations in developing nations, negatively impacting the environment and human health. Therefore, finding a cleaner and more cost-efficient Pb recovery and recycling method is critical to the Pb recycling community. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.