Browsing by Author "Alimli, Dilek"

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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 63
    Citation - Scopus: 63
    Highly Efficient Deep-Blue Electroluminescence Based on a Solution-Processable A-Π Oligo(p-Phenyleneethynylene) Small Molecule
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2019) Usta, Hakan; Alimli, Dilek; Ozdemir, Resul; Dabak, Salih; Zorlu, Yunus; Alkan, Fahri; Can, Ayse
    The development of solution-processable fluorescent small molecules with highly efficient deep-blue electroluminescence is of growing interest for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications. However, high-performance deep-blue fluorescent emitters with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over 5% are still scarce in OLEDs. Herein, a novel highly soluble oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)-based small molecule, 1,4-bis((2-cyanophenyl)ethynyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzene (2EHO-CNPE), is designed, synthesized, and fully characterized as a wide band gap (2.98 eV) and highly fluorescent (Phi(PL) = 0.90 (solution) and 0.51 (solid-state)) deep-blue emitter. The new molecule is functionalized with cyano (-CN)/2-ethylhexyloxy (-OCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9) electron-withdrawing/-donating substituents, and ethynylene is used as a pi-spacer to form an acceptor (A)-pi-donor (D)-pi-acceptor (A) molecular architecture with hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited states. Physicochemical and optoelectronic characterizations of the new emitter were performed in detail, and the single-crystal structure was determined. The new molecule adopts a nearly coplanar pi-conjugated framework packed via intermolecular "C-H center dot center dot center dot pi" and "C-H center dot center dot center dot N" hydrogen bonding interactions without any pi-pi stacking. The OLED device based on 2EHO-CNPE shows an EQE(max) of 7.06% (EQE = 6.30% at 200 cd/m(2)) and a maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 5.91 cd/A (CE = 5.34 cd/A at 200 cd/m(2)) with a deep-blue emission at CIE of (0.15, 0.09). The electroluminescence performances achieved here are among the highest reported to date for a solution-processed deep-blue fluorescent small molecule, and, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a deep-blue OLED is reported based on the oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) pi-framework. TDDFT calculations point to facile reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) processes in 2EHO-CNPE from high-lying triplet states to the first singlet excited state (T-2/T-3 -> S-1) (hot-exciton channels) that enable a high radiative exciton yield (eta(r) similar to 69%) breaking the theoretical limit of 25% in conventional fluorescent OLEDs. These results demonstrate that properly designed fluorescent oligo(p-phenyleneethynylenes) can be a key player in high-performance deep-blue OLEDs.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 33
    Citation - Scopus: 34
    A Hybridized Local and Charge Transfer Excited State for Solution-Processed Non-Doped Green Electroluminescence Based on Oligo(p-Phenyleneethynylene)
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2020) Usta, Hakan; Alimli, Dilek; Ozdemir, Resul; Tekin, Emine; Alkan, Fahri; Kacar, Rifat; Can, Ayse
    We herein report a new highly efficient green emissive hot-exciton molecule, 1,4-bis((4'-diphenylamino3-cyano-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethynyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzene (2EHO-TPA-CNPE) that consists of an extended D'-pi'-A-pi-D-pi-A-pi'-D' molecular p-system with diphenylamino end units (D') and ethynylene/phenylene spacers (pi/pi'). The new molecule exhibits high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiencies (Phi(PL) = 0.95 (solution) and 0.45 (spin-coated neat thin-film)), and a strong PL solvatochromic behavior revealing significant changes in excited state energies/characteristics (locally excited (LE) -> hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) - charge-transfer (CT)) depending on solvent polarity. Highly efficient (radiative exciton yield (eta(r)) = 50-59% >> 25%) green-emitting OLEDs were fabricated in a conventional device architecture by employing (non-)doped thin-films reaching a maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 12.0 cd A(-1) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE(max)) of 5.5%. The emission profile of the non-doped OLED has CIE 1976 (u', v') chromaticity coordinates of (0.10, 0.55) corresponding to a night vision imaging system (NVIS) compatible Green A region. 2EHO-TPA-CNPE-based OLED devices of industrial relevance were also fabricated by ink-jet printing the emissive layer and by fabricating an inverted architecture, which possessed respectable device performances of 2.4-6.1 cd A(-1). The solid-state solvation effect in OLED devices yields HLCT electronic behavior resulting in high Zr's, which is confirmed by TDDFT to originate from energetically/spatially favorable reverse intersystem crossings (RISCs) (T-2/3 -> S-1). As a unique observation, delayed fluorescence due to this RISC was evident in the PL decay lifetime measurement with a ns-scale lifetime of similar to 10 ns. These results clearly allow a better understanding of the structure-photophysical property-electroluminescence relationships in this new class of oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)-based hot-exciton molecules, and it could open up new opportunities for high-performance solution-processed optoelectronic/sensing applications.