Mimarlık Fakültesi

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Addressing the Modern Regimes of Urban Spectacle: Revisiting the Ottoman General Exhibition of 1863 in Istanbul
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2022) Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem; 0000-0002-8434-7882; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem
One of the most spectacular events of the Ottoman experience of modernity was the inauguration of the Ottoman General Exposition in Istanbul in 1863. The ancient Hippodrome, which is one of the most prominent venues of the city and the setting of memorable celebrations and festivals for centuries, hosted the event and provided the visitors with the opportunity to become part of the modern regimes of gaze and spectacle. This article posits three observer roles to reveal the multilayered structure of urban spectacle in mid-century Istanbul, namely the sultanic gaze, spectacle of the ordinary citizens, and the mediated experience of the foreigner. To understand the particularities of each position, I utilize several visual and textual documents about the exhibition event. Though just a single case in Ottoman urban history, the exposition enables us to understand how the new manner of modern urban spectacle emerged during a spectacular public event in Istanbul.
Ankara’da Millî Bayram Kutlamaları: Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Kamusallığın Performatif Biçimleri
(Koç Üniversitesi VEKAM, 2022) Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem; Kaymaz, Elif; Sezen, Öykü Su; 0000-0002-8434-7882; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem
Makale, Ankara’da Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında resmî bayram kutlamaları bağlamında performatif kamusallığın oluşumunu incelemektedir. Bayram kutlamaları tek bir aktör üzerinden ve tek bir kavramsal çerçeve içerisinde değerlendirilemeyecek kadar karmaşık toplumsal pratiklerdir. Çalışma, bayram kutlamalarının eş zamanlı okunması gereken bir dizi sosyomekânsal katman aracılığıyla anlaşılabileceğini savlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla makalede, kamusallığın fiziki altlığı olan kutlama mekânları, kitlelerin kontrol ve yönlendirilmesini sağlayan sosyomekânsal kurallar dizgesinin ve kutlama mizansenin etkinliğini artırmak için devreye sokulan maddi, manevi kimi araçların oluşturduğu bir ağın parçası olarak ele alınmaktadır. Resmî bayram kutlamalarındaki kamusallığı tartışmak ve farklı performatif ilişkileri tanımlamak için üç ilişkili tema önerilmiştir. Bunlar, kitlelerin hareketliliğinin teşviki, teknolojik gelişim ve teknik sergileme, kurucu imgeler ve anlatıların farklı araçlarla dolaşıma sokulmasıdır. Sonuç olarak, birbiri içine geçmiş, birbirinden beslenen bu temaların, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde millî bayramlar aracılığıyla yeniden üretilen toplumsal rıza kültürünün ve ulus devlet inşası stratejilerinin törenler bağlamında açıklanabilmesine olanak sağladığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Educating Masses: The Committee of Union and Progress Clubs and Schools in the Late Ottoman Empire
(Routledge, 2022) Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem; 0000-0002-8434-7882; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem
This article examines the social and architectural context of an extensive building campaign in Turkey in the early twentieth cen-tury. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), one of the Second Constitutional Period’s prominent political and cultural actors (1908–18), commissioned club and school buildings for social outreach operations. Influenced by their European counterparts, the Committee’s protagonists believed that a social revolution could be accomplished by employing the education of the masses. Moreover, education was also essential to create a national identity for an Empire in a struggle. In this context, many clubs (for adults) and schools (for the youngsters) mushroomed in many cities simul-taneously. Accordingly, the architecture of new club and school buildings reflected societal concerns and provided remarkable examples of their kinds. The education of the masses and the use of social propaganda by state agents in Republican Turkey have been scrutinized so far. Still the origins of the social engineering projects should be examined to contextualize Republican period developments. Thus, this article examines the building and impact of the clubs and schools of the CUP in the provinces and constitutes a contextual frame for their formative role in Turkish modernization.
The new visual culture in eighteenth-century Istanbul: building up new shore kiosks and gardens on the outskirts of the royal palace
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2020) Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem; 0000-0002-8434-7882; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü
This article examines the construction and expansion of a less-known royal shore kiosk complex in Istanbul, namely the Shore Palace near the Cannon Gate (Topkapisi Sahil Sarayi) or Summer Harem, which was built on the outskirts of the royal palace complex in the eighteenth century, to interpret the changing features of royal residential culture and spatial practices. In this article, I aim to propose a new thematic frame based on the central role of the issue of visuality to examine the shifting cultural paradigm of eighteenth-century royal patronage. The eighteenth century witnessed the physical expansion of the complex and renovation of the furnishings several times and the official records of these activities provide us with invaluable information for the visual construction of these buildings, which were torn down after a devastating fire in 1862. Furthermore, the choice of location and all physical changes in the interiors and gardens demonstrate the spatial results of the changing codes of visual culture in the cityscape. In this respect, examination of this case enables us to discuss how the new visual culture was adopted and exercised in and around the royal palace gardens by the royal court members.
Power, conflict and negotiation between the agents: an alternative vision for contestation on the public space in the late Ottoman empire
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2019) Tozoglu, Ahmet Erdem; 0000-0002-8434-7882; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü
This article posits the territorial claim and control of the Ottoman government in the city centre by analyzing confrontations and conflicts of the state with the other agents via critical examination of a provincial case in the late nineteenth century. I examine the critical moments in making of public space to understand how the state authority claimed and enlarged its territorial influence during foundation and development of Dedeagac (Alexandroupolis) port in Edirne province through many agency confrontations. The conflicts between the state and other agents extend from the choice of location for a new port and taxation of the new port neighbourhood to the provision of public works and constitution of an administrative centre. In this context, foundation and growth of Dedeagac case demonstrate presence of many civic agents in clash with the state and they had to agree on an interim resolution for spatial construction of the town centre. This article aims to provide an alternative ground to examine the agency of the state in the late nineteenth century urban setting. It aims to be more inclusive by revealing the dynamic and substantial role of the other underrepresented agents in making of the cityscape in the late Ottoman Empire.
Textual manifestations of Ottoman architectural revival and the search for a national idiom in the late Ottoman period
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESSEDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND, 2022) Tozoğlu, Ahmet Erdem; 0000-0002-8434-7882; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Tozoğlu, Ahmet Erdem
This article applies a critical approach to rethinking the relationship between nationalism and Ottoman architectural historiography by examining the intellectual medium during the late Ottoman period. More precisely, it examines how the history and theory of Ottoman architecture were initially established by Tanzimat (Reform) intelligentsia with the publication of Usûl-i Mimâri-i Osmani (Fundamentals of Ottoman Architecture) (1873). It addresses how the text was later comprehended and criticized by their successors, who utilized it to constitute their own vision of Turkish national architecture. By detailing the rise of the Turkish nationalist movement and the transition from Ottomanism to Turkism as the dominant identity, this article highlights the demand for the materialization of a national architecture as a component of the cultural construction of a national architectural style and the role of new public buildings as the site of nationalizing endeavors at the beginning of the twentieth century. Finally, this article problematizes the extent to which these new constructions can be deemed “national” by investigating the works of a pioneer figure of architecture, Kemaleddin Bey’s writings and the design and construction of his dormitory building, the Fifth Vakıf Han, in Istanbul.
"What if you are a medieval monarch?": A Crusader Kings III experience to learn medieval history
(De Gruyter, 2022) Tozoğlu, Ahmet Erdem; Kuran, Mehmet Şükrü; 0000-0002-8434-7882; 0000-0001-8742-2799; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü; Tozoğlu, Ahmet Erdem; Kuran, Mehmet Şükrü
This chapter is about the authors' experiences and observations on a blended world history course that combines classical lecture and discussion components of teaching with video game sessions. The students play strategy video games with a heavy historical focus. The course, named Playing with The Past, is designed to experiment on how to integrate video games on teaching history, especially in order to achieve a higher understanding of the contemporary social, political, economic, and technological context of a given era for different cultures and civilizations. This chapter presents the utilization of Crusader Kings, a renowned grand strategy game series, to teach medieval history, which constitutes an integral part of our course. It also examines how the game provides advantages for an immersive learning environment and how it fails to model medieval history at specific points. Our experiments and observations may be beneficial for designing a general world history course and any history course on specific periods, cultures, and nations that aims to utilize alternative tools to deliver a course.
When the railway reached Istanbul: the making of Sirkeci terminus, 1870-1888
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2018) Tozoglu, Ahmet; 0000-0002-8434-7882; AGÜ, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü
Since its establishment as a capital city, the historical topography of Istanbul has witnessed significant changes, created not only by devastating earthquakes and fires, but also by the implementation of large-scale imperial projects. In the existing literature, the transformation of Istanbul's urban area in the nineteenth century has largely explored the topics of new urban regulations, institutions and their implication after the Tanzimat (reform) decree of 1839. This article aims to explore a lesser-known dimension of nineteenth-century developments of the city: the extension of the railway into the heart of Istanbul's historical peninsula, and the spatial change around the Sirkeci district due to the physical expansion of the terminus area. The construction of a larger terminus (inaugurated in 1890) is relatively well documented in architectural history, yet developments prior to this monumental construction have been less explored so far. Thus, this article also aims to investigate the project's development and implementation phases in the second half of the nineteenth century, when the city witnessed continuous urban reformation processes by focusing on the intertwined relations of different agents in the urban space.

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