Bekçi, EyüpKoca, Kemal2025-09-252025-09-25202497898196209519789819674879978981961605397830319889299783031927539978303192043197898196520519789819620333978981161302997898197983082366-25652366-2557https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_20https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/3958In this study, a hybrid energy system was implemented to fulfill the electricity requirements of the trams operating in Kayseri province. The tram's annual electricity consumption data was acquired on a monthly basis from the local electricity company in Kayseri. Utilizing the obtained data, energy and cost simulations were conducted employing the Homer-Pro program. The primary objective of this investigation is to enhance sustainability while satisfying electricity demands with minimal carbon emissions. Consequently, the established hybrid energy system incorporates renewable energy sources, specifically wind, solar, and biomass energy, with the inclusion of batteries for energy storage. Furthermore, generators and converters are integrated for energy conversion purposes. The study encompasses a detailed cost analysis to identify the most economically efficient hybrid energy system, determined through optimization studies. Through this research, it is anticipated that the implementation of such a system will significantly diminish carbon emissions in Kayseri, contributing to a substantial increase in sustainability. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessHomer ProHybrid EnergyKayseriSmart CitySustainabilityCarbonCost Benefit AnalysisDigital StorageElectric Energy StorageElectric Power UtilizationRenewable EnergySmart CityAnnual Electricity ConsumptionCarbon EmissionsCase-StudiesData SimulationElectricity CompaniesHomer ProHybrid EnergyHybrid Energy SystemHybrid Renewable EnergiesKayseriSustainable DevelopmentConference Object10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_202-s2.0-85194050395